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EEEB113 CIRCUIT
ANALYSIS 1 : CHAPTER 6
CAPACITORS AND
INDUCTORS
Sharifah Azma Syed
Mustaffa
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
Capacitors and Inductors
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Capacitors
Series and Parallel Capacitors
Inductors
Series and Parallel Inductors
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
6.1 Capacitors
A capacitor is a passive
element designed to store
energy in its electric field.
Used extensively in
electronics,
communications, computers
and power system.
For example capacitors are
used in the tuning circuits of
a radio receivers and as
dynamic memory elements
in computer system.
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
6.1 Capacitors
A capacitor consists of
two conducting plates
separated by an insulator
(or dielectric).
The upper figure shows a
capacitor with applied
voltage source v.
The plate connected to
the positive terminal is
charged with positive
charges and the plate
connected to negative
terminal is charged with
negative charges.
The bottom figure shows
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter
6
the circuit
symbols for
6.1 Capacitors
The capacitor stores the electric charge.
The charge stored q is directionally proportional
to the applied voltage
q Cv
where C is a constant of proportionality known as
the
capacitance.
Thus capacitance is the ratio of the charge on
the plate of the capacitor to the voltage
difference between the two plates and has units
farads (F).
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
6.1 Capacitors
If i is flowing into the +ve
terminal of C
Charging => i is +ve
Discharging => i is ve
The current-voltage relationship of capacitor
according to above convention is
dv
iC
dt
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
and
1
v
C
t0
i d t v(t0 )
6.1 Capacitors
The energy, w, stored in
the capacitor is
1
2
w Cv
2
A capacitor is
an open circuit to dc (dv/dt = 0). When the
voltage across a capacitor is not changing with
time (i.e. dc voltage), current is zero
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
6.1 Capacitors
its voltage cannot change abruptly.
(instantaneously)
But the current can.
Ideal capacitors takes power from the circuit
when storing energy, and returns same amount
of energy when delivering power to the circuit
=> IDEAL CAPACITORS DO NOT DISSIPATE
ENERGY
A real, non-ideal capacitor has a parallel-model
leakage resistance.
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
6.1 Capacitors
Practice Problem 6.1:
What is the voltage across a 3-F capacitor if the charge on one
plate is 0.12mC? How much energy is stored?
Practice Problem 6.2:
The voltage across a 10-F capacitor is v(t) = 50 sin 2000t V
determine the current through the capacitor.
Practice Problem 6.5:
Under dc condition, find energy stored in the capacitor in the
following
figure.
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
10
6.1 Capacitors
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
11
6.3 Series and Parallel Capacitors
The equivalent capacitance of N parallelconnected capacitors is the sum of the individual
capacitances.
C eq C1 C 2 ... C N
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
12
6.3 Series and Parallel Capacitors
The equivalent capacitance of N series-connected
capacitors is the reciprocal of the sum of the
reciprocals of the individual capacitances.
1
1
1
1
...
C eq C1 C 2
CN
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
13
6.3 Series and Parallel Capacitors
PP 6.6
Find the equivalent capacitance seen at the
terminals of the circuit in the circuit shown below:
Answer:
Ceq = 40F
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
6.3 Series and Parallel Capacitors
PP 6.7
Find the voltage across each of the capacitors in
the circuit shown below:
Answer:
v1 = 30V
v2 = 30V
v3 = 10V
v4 = 20V
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
14
15
6.4 Inductors
An inductor is a passive
element designed to
store energy in its
magnetic field.
Used in power supplies,
transformers, radio, TVs
etc.
A practical inductor is
usually formed into a
cylindrical coil with many
turns of conducting wire.
The following figures
shows a typical form of
an inductor.
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
16
6.4 Inductors
|Various types of inductors
Circuit symbol of inductors.
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
17
6.4 Inductors
If current passed thru an inductor, the voltage across the inductor
is directly proportional to the time rate of change of the current
L is the constant of proportionality called inductance.
The inductance is measured in hendry (H)
The current-voltage relationships of an inductor is given as;
The energy stored in an inductor is given as;
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
18
6.4 Inductors
The important properties of an inductor.
1.An inductor acts like a short circuit to dc.
2.The current through an inductor cannot change
instantaneously.
The ideal inductor does not dissipate energy.
3.
Nonideal inductor has a significant resistive
4.
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
19
6.4 Inductors
Example 5
The terminal voltage of a 2-H
is
v = 10(1-t) V
inductor
Find the current flowing through it at t
= 4 s and the energy stored in it within
0 < t < 4 s.
Answer:
Assume i(0) = 2 A.
i(4s) = -18V
w(4s) = 320J
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
6.4 Inductors
PP 6.10
Determine vc, iL, and the energy stored in the
capacitor and inductor in the circuit of circuit shown
below under dc conditions.
Answer:
iL = 3A
vC = 3V
wL = 1.125J
wC = 9J
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
20
21
6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors
The equivalent inductance of series-connected
inductors is the sum of the individual
inductances.
Leq L1 L2 ... LN
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
22
6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors
The equivalent capacitance of parallel inductors is the
reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual
inductances.
1
1
1
1
...
Leq L1 L2
LN
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
23
6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors
Practice Problem 6.12
In the circuit of the following figure, i1(t) = 0.6e-2t A, If i(0) = 1.4 A. fin: (a)
i2(0); (b) i2(t) and i(t); (c) v(t), v1(t), and v2(t).
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
24
6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors
PP 6.11
Calculate the equivalent inductance for the
inductive ladder network in the circuit shown
below:
Answer:
Leq = 25mH
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
25
6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors
Current and voltage relationship for R, L, C
Circuit Analysis 1:Chapter 6
