Cloud Computing

MARK ANTHONY DUQUE MADALIPAY

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new

class of network based computing that takes place over
the Internet,
basically a step on from Utility Computing
a collection/group of integrated and networked
hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called
a platform).
Using the Internet for communication and transport
provides hardware, software and networking services
to clients

What is Cloud Computing?

These platforms hide the complexity and
details of the underlying infrastructure from
users and applications by providing very simple
graphical interface or API (Applications
Programming Interface).

What is Cloud Computing?

In addition, the platform provides on demand

services, that are always on, anywhere, anytime
and any place.
Pay for use and as needed, elastic
scale up and down in capacity and functionalities

The hardware and software services are available

to
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses
markets

Cloud Summary

Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to

Internet based development and services
A number of characteristics define cloud data, applications
services and infrastructure:
Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote
infrastructure.
Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere.
Commodified: The result is a utility computing model similar to
traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity - you
pay for what you would want!

Cloud Architecture

What is Cloud Computing

7

Shared pool of configurable computing resources

On-demand network access
Provisioned by the Service Provider

Cloud Computing
Characteristics

Common Characteristics:
Massive Scale

Resilient Computing

Homogeneity

Geographic Distribution

Virtualization

Service Orientation

Low Cost Software

Advanced Security

Essential Characteristics:
On Demand Self-Service
Broad Network Access

Rapid Elasticity

Resource Pooling

Measured Service

Cloud Service Models

Software as a
Service (SaaS)
SalesForce CRM
LotusLive

Google
App
Engine

Platform as a
Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)

SaaS Maturity Model

Level 1: Ad-Hoc/Custom
One Instance per customer
Level 2: Configurable per
customer
Level 3: configurable &
Multi-Tenant-Efficient
Level 4: Scalable,
Configurable & Multi-TenantEfficient

10

Different Cloud Computing

Layers
Application Service
(SaaS)

11

MS Live/ExchangeLabs, IBM,
Google Apps; Salesforce.com
Quicken Online, Zoho, Cisco

Application Platform

Google App Engine, Mosso,

Force.com, Engine Yard,
Facebook, Heroku, AWS

Server Platform

3Tera, EC2, SliceHost,

GoGrid, RightScale, Linode

Storage Platform

Amazon S3, Dell, Apple, ...

Cloud Computing Service

Layers
Services
Services
Application
Focused

Description
Services Complete business services such as
PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa

Application

Application Cloud based software that eliminates

the need for local installation such as Google Apps,
Microsoft Online

Development

Development Software development platforms used

to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS &
SAAS) such as SalesForce

Platform
Infrastructure
Focused

12

Storage
Hosting

Platform Cloud based platforms, typically provided

using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid
Storage Data storage or cloud based NAS such
as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS
Hosting Physical data centers such as those run
by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

Basic Cloud Characteristics

13

The no-need-to-know in terms of the

underlying details of infrastructure, applications
interface with the infrastructure via the APIs.
The flexibility and elasticity allows these
systems to scale up and down at will
utilising the resources of all kinds
CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and databases

The pay as much as used and needed type of

utility computing and the always on!, anywhere
and any place type of network-based computing.

Basic Cloud Characteristics

14

Cloud are transparent to users and

applications, they can be built in multiple
ways
branded products, proprietary open source,
hardware or software, or just off-the-shelf PCs.

In general, they are built on clusters of PC

servers and off-the-shelf components plus
Open Source software combined with inhouse applications and/or system software.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS is a model of software deployment
where an application is hosted as a service
provided to customers across the Internet.
Saas alleviates the burden of software
maintenance/support
but users relinquish control over software
versions and requirements.

Terms that are used in this sphere include

Platform as a Service (PaaS) and
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

15

Virtualization
Virtual workspaces:
An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made
dynamically available to authorized clients by using welldefined protocols,
Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),
Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).

Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):

Abstraction of a physical host machine,
Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and
App
App
allows management of VMs,
VMWare, Xen, etc.
OS
OS

Provide infrastructure API:

Plug-ins to hardware/support structures

App
OS

Hypervisor
Hardware

Virtualized Stack

Virtual Machines

17

VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a

single physical machine.
App

App

App

App

App

Guest OS
(Linux)

Guest OS
(NetBSD)

Guest OS
(Windows)

VM

VM

VM

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor

Hardware

Xen
VMWare
UML
Denali
etc.

Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical

performance!

18

What is the purpose and

benefits?

20

Cloud computing enables companies and

applications, which are system infrastructure
dependent, to be infrastructure-less.
By using the Cloud infrastructure on pay as used
and on demand, all of us can save in capital and
operational investment!
Clients can:
Put their data on the platform instead of on their own
desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
They can put their applications on the cloud and use the
servers within the cloud to do processing and data
manipulations etc.

Cloud-Sourcing
Why is it becoming a Big Deal:

Using high-scale/low-cost providers,

Any time/place access via web browser,
Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,
Can forget need to focus on local IT.

Concerns:

Performance, reliability, and SLAs,

Control of data, and service parameters,
Application features and choices,
Interaction between Cloud providers,
No standard API mix of SOAP and REST!
Privacy, security, compliance, trust

21

Some Commercial Cloud

Offerings

22

Cloud Storage

23

Opportunities and Challenges

24

The use of the cloud provides a number of

opportunities:

It enables services to be used without any

understanding of their infrastructure.
Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up
companies, as they would no longer need to buy their own
software or servers.
Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an
ongoing revenue stream.

Data and services are stored remotely but accessible

from anywhere.

Opportunities and Challenges

25

In parallel there has been backlash against cloud

computing:
Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that
could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:
The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like
Google and IBM, who may monopolise the market.
Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time
of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.

Security could prove to be a big issue:

It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using
these services ownership of data is not always clear.

There are also issues relating to policy and access:

If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to?

What happens if the remote server goes down?
How will you then access files?
There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and
losing access to data.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

Lower computer costs:

26

You do not need a high-powered and high-priced

computer to run cloud computing's web-based
applications.
Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop
PC, your desktop PC does not need the processing
power or hard disk space demanded by traditional
desktop software.
When you are using web-based applications, your PC
can be less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less
memory, more efficient processor...
In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a
CD or DVD drive, as no software programs have to be
loaded and no document files need to be saved.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

27

Improved performance:
With few large programs hogging your computer's
memory, you will see better performance from your PC.
Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run
faster because they have fewer programs and processes
loaded into memory

Reduced software costs:

Instead of purchasing expensive software applications,
you can get most of what you need for free-ish!
most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs
suite.

better than paying for similar commercial software

which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

28

Instant software updates:

Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer
faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade
costs.
When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
available the next time you log into the cloud.

When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version
without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

Improved document format compatibility.

You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your
machine being compatible with other users' applications or OSes
There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is
sharing documents and applications in the cloud.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

29

Unlimited storage capacity:

Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small
compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the
cloud.

Increased data reliability:

Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes
and destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in
the cloud should not affect the storage of your data.
if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out
there in the cloud, still accessible

In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up

their data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a datasafe computing platform!

Advantages of Cloud Computing

30

Universal document access:

That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you
do not take your documents with you.
Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them
whenever you have a computer and an Internet connection
Documents are instantly available from wherever you are

Latest version availability:

When you edit a document at home, that edited version is
what you see when you access the document at work.
The cloud always hosts the latest version of your
documents
as long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an
outdated version

Advantages of Cloud Computing

31

Easier group collaboration:

Sharing documents leads directly to better

collaboration.
Many users do this as it is an important advantages of
cloud computing
multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and
projects

Device independence.

You are no longer tethered to a single computer or

network.
Changes to computers, applications and documents
follow you through the cloud.
Move to a portable device, and your applications and
documents are still available.

Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing

32

Requires a constant Internet connection:

Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to
the Internet.
Since you use the Internet to connect to both your
applications and documents, if you do not have an
Internet connection you cannot access anything, even
your own documents.
A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas
where Internet connections are few or inherently
unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.

Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing

33

Does not work well with low-speed connections:

Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as

that found with dial-up services, makes cloud
computing painful at best and often impossible.
Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to
download, as do large documents.

Features might be limited:

This situation is bound to change, but today many

web-based applications simply are not as fullfeatured as their desktop-based applications.
For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft
PowerPoint than with Google Presentation's web-based
offering

Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing

34

Can be slow:
Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can
sometimes be slower than accessing a similar software
program on your desktop PC.
Everything about the program, from the interface to the
current document, has to be sent back and forth from your
computer to the computers in the cloud.
If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that
moment, or if the Internet is having a slow day, you would
not get the instantaneous access you might expect from
desktop applications.

Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing

35

Stored data might not be secure:

With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the
cloud.
The questions is How secure is the cloud?

Can unauthorised users gain access to your confidential

data?

Stored data can be lost:

Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated
across multiple machines.
But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you
have no physical or local backup.
Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets
you down.

The Future

36

Many of the activities loosely grouped together under cloud

computing have already been happening and centralised
computing activity is not a new phenomena
Grid Computing was the last research-led centralised
approach
However there are concerns that the mainstream adoption of
cloud computing could cause many problems for users
Many new open source systems appearing that you can install
and run on your local cluster
should be able to run a variety of applications on these systems

Tips

THANK YOU
Mark Anthony Duque Madalipay
Dean / CONEC Focal Person
09298131201
[email protected]
[email protected]