BUILDING TYPES AND ITS COMPONENTS
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
ACCORDING TO USE CLASSIFICATION
OF BUILDING
ITS COMPONENTS AND FUNCTION
BUILDING
National code of India ( sp:7-1970) define the
building as any structure or whatever purpose and
whatever materials constructed and every part
thereof whether purpose materials constructed and
every part of thereof whether used as human
habitation or not including foundations, plinth ,
walls, floors, roofs, etc, parts of building services,
BUILDING TYPES
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
ASSEMBLY BUILDING
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
BUSINESS BUILDING
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING
STORAGE BUILDING
HAZARDOUS BUILDING
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Residential
Building
House
Family
private
Dwelling
Dormitories
Apartment
Hotels
House
House:- Theses are
those
buildings
in
which
sleeping
accommodation
is
provided for normal
residential
purposes,
with or without cooking
or dining or both
facilities .
Family Private Dwellings
Family
Private
Dwellings:These
include
any
private
dwelling
which
is
occupied by members of
single family and has a
total
sleeping
accommodation for not
more than 20 person.
Dormitories
Dormitories:-
These
include any building in
which group sleeping
accommodation
is
provided,
with
or
without dining facilities,
for persons who are not
members of the same
family
Apartment
Apartment:-
These
include any building or
structure in which living
quarters are provided
for three or more
families
living
independently of each
other.
Hotels
Hotels:- these include
any building or group of
buildings under single
management in which
sleeping
accommodation,
with
without dining facilities
is provided for hire to
more than 15 person
who
are
primarily
transient.
Educational Building
These include any building
used for school, college, or
day- care purposes for
more than 8 hours per
week involving assembly
for instruction, education
or recreation.
Institutional Building
These include any building or part there of , which is
used for purposes of such a medical or other
treatment or care of persons suffering from physical
or medical illness, disease.
Assembly Building
These include any building or part there of , where
group of people congregate or gather for
amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic,
civil, ravel and similar purpose .
Business Building
These include any building or part there of , which is
used for the transaction of business, for keeping of
account and record and similar purpose.
Mercantile Building
These include any building or part there of , which is
used as shops, stores, markets for display and sale
for merchandise, either whole sale or retail.
Industrial Building
These include any building or part there of , which
products or materials of all kinds and properties are
fabricated , assembled or processed.
Storage Building
These include any building or part there of , used
primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods,
wares etc.
Hazardous Building
These include any building or part there of a
building which is used for the storage, handling,
manufacture or processing of highly combustible or
explosive material.
BUILDING COMPONENT
1. SUB STRUCTURE :
. BELOW PLINTH LEVEL
. DIRECT CONTECT WITH GROUND
. TANSMIT THE LOAD OF SUPERSTRUCTURE TO GROUND.
2. SUPER STRUCTURE :
. ABOVE PLINTH LEVEL
. CONSIST OF WALLS, FLOOR, DOORS, WINDOWS, &
OTHER OPENING VERTICAL TRASPORTATION
STRUCTURES LIKE
STAIRS, LIFTS, PERAPET ETC. ARE THE PART OF IT.
BUILDING COPONENTS &
FUNCTIONS
FOUNDATION
PLINTH
WALLS
FLOORS
DOORS & WINDOWS
ROOFS
STAIRS
SANITARY SERVICES
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
LINTELS & ARCHES
PARAPET WALLS
PLASTERING & POINTING
PAINTING
ROOF SLAB
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
UTILITY SERVICES
FOUNDATION
.FOUNDATION IS THE BASE
PART OF THE BUILDING,IT
TRANSFER THE LOAD OF
SUPER STRUCTURE TO
THE SOIL.
.MAINLY IT HAS TWO TYPE :
1. SHALLOW
2. DEEP
PLINTH
.Lowest part of super structure.
.It is distance between ground
level and floor level.
.Plinth level is kept about
the ground level is 30-75CM
depending upon the
locality of building.
.DPC is provided at the
plinth level to prevent
moisture from rising to
the walls of the building
WALLS
IT IS MASONARY STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTED
ABOVE THE PLINTH.
IT HAS TWO TYPE :
1. LOAD BEARING
2. PARTITION WALL
FLOORS
FLOOR PROVIDE THE PLAIN SURFACE
WHICH SUPPORTS WOODS AND
EQUIPMENT
IT DIVIDE NUMBER OF FLOORS AS PER
REQUIRMENT
DOORS & WINDOWS
DOORS SERVE AS THE ENTRY OF THE
BUILDING WHILE WINDOWS SERVE
FOR ENTRY OF LIGHT AND AIR IN
BUILDING.
ROOFS
ROOFS PROVIDE COVER THE
BUILDING AND PROECT AGAINST THE
RAIN WATER WETHER RESISTANCE
WATER PROOF SOUND PROOF AND
FIRE PROOF.
STAIRS
STAIRS ARE THE STEPS LANDING FROM ONE
FLOOR TO ANOTHER FLOOR AND CONTINOUS
SERIES OF STEPS IS CALLED FLIGHT.
SANITARY , ELECTRICAL , UTILITY
SERVICES
LINTELS & ARCHES
ITS OVER DOORS AND WINDOWS IN
WALLS FACILITY AT SAFE TRANSFER OF
LOADS TO ITS SUPPORTS.
PARAPET WALLS
ITS ON THE ROOFS SLABS ARE
PROVIDE FOR SECURITY AND SAFTY.
PLASTERING
IT PROVIDE CLEAN AND ASTHETIC VIEW AROUND
THE BUILDING APRT FROM INCREASING
STRENGTH OF MASHNORY WALLS
PAINTING
IT PROTECT FROM MOISTURE AND
AIR PENETRATION TO INHANCE THE
LIFE OF BUILDING.
ROOF SLAB
ITS PROTECT FROM WEATHERING.
TWO TYPES : 1. ONE WAY SLAB
2. TWO WAY SLAB
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
IT PROVIDE INLET AND OUTLET OF
WATER.
K
N
A
TH
U
O
Y
IT IS VERY EASY TO DEFEAT SOME,BUT
IT IS VERY HARD TO WIN SOMEONE.
- ABDUL KALAM
