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Cutting Fluids

Cutting fluids are essential in metal-cutting operations to reduce heat and friction. Historically, water was used, then soap was added, and soluble oils and chemical fluids were later introduced. Cutting fluids serve several functions, including cooling the tool and workpiece, reducing friction and heat generation, protecting against rust, and improving surface finish. Characteristics of a good cutting fluid include good cooling capacity, lubrication, low viscosity, stability, rust resistance, and being nontoxic. Common types include air, water, soluble oils, chemical fluids, solid lubricants, and cryogenic fluids. Cutting fluids lower heat, decrease friction, prevent built-up edge formation, and greatly improve surface finish.

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3K views14 pages

Cutting Fluids

Cutting fluids are essential in metal-cutting operations to reduce heat and friction. Historically, water was used, then soap was added, and soluble oils and chemical fluids were later introduced. Cutting fluids serve several functions, including cooling the tool and workpiece, reducing friction and heat generation, protecting against rust, and improving surface finish. Characteristics of a good cutting fluid include good cooling capacity, lubrication, low viscosity, stability, rust resistance, and being nontoxic. Common types include air, water, soluble oils, chemical fluids, solid lubricants, and cryogenic fluids. Cutting fluids lower heat, decrease friction, prevent built-up edge formation, and greatly improve surface finish.

Uploaded by

Atemp-mail.orgInbox
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CUTTING FLUIDS

Overview of Cutting fluids

What is Cutting Fluid and why it is used?


Importance of cutting fluid
Functions of cutting fluids
Characteristics of cutting fluid
What are the Types of cutting fluids
How to select the cutting fluid
Advantages of cutting fluids
Applications

Cutting Fluids
Essential in metal-cutting operations to
reduce heat and friction and also to
improve the machinability.
Centuries ago, water used on grindstones
Early 20th century saw soap added to water
Soluble oils came in 1936
Chemical cutting fluids introduced in 1944

Heat Generated During


Machining
Heat finds its way into one of
three places
Act as tool
disposable
Workpiece,
and chips
heat sink

Too much, cutting edge


will break down rapidly,
reducing tool life

Too much, work


will expand
4

Functions of cutting fluid

To cool the tool and work piece


To reduce the friction
To reduce the heat generation
To protect the work against rusting
To improve the surface finish
To prevent The formation of Built-up edge
To wash away the chips from the cutting
zone

Characteristics of a Good
Cutting Fluid
1. Good cooling
6.
capacity
2. Good lubricating
7.
qualities
8.
3. Relatively low
viscosity
9.
4. Stability (long
life)

Rust
resistance
Nontoxic
Transparent
Nonflammable

Built-up Edge
Built-up edge keeps
breaking off and
re-forming
Result is poor
surface finish,
excessive flank
wear, and cratering
of tool face
7

Types of cutting fluids

Air blast or compressed air


Water
Soluble oil
Cutting oils
Chemical fluids
Solid or semi-solid lubricant
Cryogenic cutting fluid

Types of cutting fluids and their


application
Air blast or compressed air only. Machining of
some materials like grey cast iron become
inconvenient or difficult if any cutting fluid is
employed in liquid form. In such case only air
blast is recommended for cooling and cleaning
Water For its good wetting and spreading
properties and very high specific heat, water is
considered as the best coolant and hence
employed where cooling is most urgent.

Cutting
oils
Cutting
oils
are
generally
compounds of mineral oil to which are added
desired type and amount of vegetable, animal
or marine oils for improving spreading, wetting
and lubricating properties. Used to reduce
friction, adhesion and BUE formation in heavy
cuts.
Chemical fluids These are occasionally used
fluids which are water based where some
organic and or inorganic materials are dissolved
in water to enable desired cutting fluid action.

Types of cutting fluids and their


application
Solid or semi-solid lubricant Paste, waxes,
soaps, graphite may also often be used,
either applied directly to the workpiece or
in the tool to reduce friction and thus
cutting forces, temperature and tool wear.
Cryogenic cutting fluid Extremely cold
(cryogenic) fluids (often in the form of
gases) like liquid CO2 or N2 are used in
some special cases for effective cooling
without creating much environmental
pollution and health hazards.

Economic Advantages to
Using Cutting Fluids
Reduction of tool costs
Reduce tool wear, tools last longer

Increased speed of production


Reduce heat and friction so higher cutting
speeds

Reduction of labor costs


Tools last longer and require less regrinding,
less downtime, reducing cost per part

Reduction of power costs


Friction reduced so less power required by
machining

12

Cutting Fluid's Effect on


Cutting Tool Action
1. Lowers heat created by plastic
deformation of metal
2. Friction at chip-tool interface decreased
3. Less power is required for machining
because of reduced friction
4. Prevents built-up edge from forming
5. Surface finish of work greatly improved

14

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