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2016-04 DIAMETER Architecture

The document discusses DIAMETER architecture and routing functions. It introduces LTE core architecture and focuses on the role of DIAMETER agents and routing functions like DRF. It then discusses routing architectures and features for roaming with examples.

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Vivek Shah
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291 views22 pages

2016-04 DIAMETER Architecture

The document discusses DIAMETER architecture and routing functions. It introduces LTE core architecture and focuses on the role of DIAMETER agents and routing functions like DRF. It then discusses routing architectures and features for roaming with examples.

Uploaded by

Vivek Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIAMETER Architecture

Agenda

1.

Introduction to LTE Core Architecture

2.

DRF as Core DIAMETER Router

3.

Focus on Roaming Architecture

interne Orange

Introduction to LTE Core Architecture

The architecture of LTE network is, as for 2G/3G technologies


based on a difference between control/mobility plane
(mainly allowed thanks to Signaling DIAMETER protocol) and
data plane.
This presentation is focusing on Signaling part and the role
of DIAMETER Agents based on Orange Group
recommendation
However, to speed up LTE and LTE Roaming opening, do not
forget to take care on data plane too !

interne Orange

DRF as Core DIAMETER


Router

Towards a Diameter Routing Function

Roaming

EPC

DRF

PCC

IMS

Interconnected
domains

Interconnected
equipment

Diameter Routing Function (DRF) definition:


Device providing interconnection and interworking between:
Internal Diameter nodes of EPC, PCC and IMS in each PLMN
the Home PLMN and external PLMNs for roaming scenarios.

Provide a secure & reliable centralized routing of Diameter messages


Ensure an optimized management of the Diameter signalling plane
through features such as load-balancing, monitoring and congestion control.
5

interne Orange

One-In-All Approach the swiss knife


DRF

Diameter
Edge Agent

Diameter
Routing Hub

LTE Roaming enabler


with

MME->HSS
PGW->PCRF

IP firewall

PGW->OCS

IPSEC connections

Any
other
Diameter nodes

Diameter
hiding

topology

Load-balance to different
instances of the same
equipment (HSS, PCRF,
OCS)

Subscriber
Location Function

Use cases

IMS enabler
Cross PCC and IMS
Session binding: ensure
that all messages of the
Gx and Rx sessions
belonging to the same IP
connection are delivered
to the same PCRF

Location of HSS within


the IMS for a particular
IMPI/IMPU
Location of HSS within
the EPC for a particular
IMSI

Specific
features

Connection
roaming partners

Connection between:

Diameter
Routing Agent

Session stickiness: all


messages of the same
session are delivered to
the same PCRF and OCS

Virtual DRA: force domestic traffic to travel on an international routes (Ncell_HSS


communicate to NCELL_MME via international link). Inefficient and bandwidth heavy solution
6

interne Orange

Core
features

DRA: only needed when a MNO have a big (8 or more MME/HHS noese) LTE network and/or
need to manage multiple PCRF

Orange LTE Roaming fonctionnal


Architecture
Visited
Network

Home
Network
vPCRF

hPCRF

S9
SGSN

E-Utran

HSS

S6a
Orange
IPX

S10

S1-U

S6d

MME

S1-MME

Diameter
Router

interne Orange

S11
Servin
g
Gateway

S8

Enhanced
GRX

PDN

Gateway

Interne
t

Why are DRF features important ?


DRF function

Main use

Diameter Edge Agent

It provides enhanced security, interoperability and routing functions


at the edge of the mobile operator network to manage Diameter
signaling between visited, home and roaming hub/IPX providers.

Diameter Routing Hub

It combines different functions to aggregate and load-balance all the


Diameter traffic inside the Home operator network, including IMS,
LTE/EPC, charging and PCC related Diameter signaling

Diameter Routing Agent

It provides enhanced routing and session binding functionalities in a


multiple PCRF environment.

Subscriber Location
function

When there are multiple HSSs in the network, subscribers may be homed on
different HSSs. Therefore, there must be some function in the network that
maps subscriber identities to HSSs.

Diameter Routing

The DRF provides the capability to route Diameter messages based on


any combination or presence/absence, of Destination Host,
Destination-Realm or Application-ID

Network interconnection

It provides a central interconnect point towards other networks (full


mesh connection is not an option), and hides the network topology
(security).

Congestion Control

The Diameter protocol in itself lacks a well-defined congestion control


mechanisms found in other protocols such as SS7

Overload Control

In case of overload, the DRF allows to discard messages and can send an
answer response containing a user configurable result code AVP.

Diameter flavor mediation

It enables to adapt diameter protocol in a multivendor environment in case


a different implementation is made by different vendors. It is a key
function to solve IOT issues.

interne Orange

Focus on Roaming
Architecture

Diameter Routing Function


LTE Roaming: need of Diameter Edge Agent
LTE Roaming
> Diameter interfaces

2
1

10

interne Orange

Diameter Routing Function


LTE Roaming: need of Diameter Edge Agent
Topology hiding
> Reduce the export of network topologies (HSS, MME)
Load Balancing between inner Diameter Peers and at least two DEAs
> Either for Failover/failback procedures
> Either for load balancing requests between a set of peers
IPv4/v6 intewroking
> At the commercial launch, the EPC core network may use a combination of IPv4 and IPv6
addressing planes
> DEA must support IPv6 and IPv4 addressing
> If the inner peer supports both IPv4 and IPv6, IPv6 should be used to initiate a Diameter
connection with the DEAs
Transport
> SCTP must be used between peers
> DEA must only advertize the Relay application-id in CER/CEA
> Each DEA should be connected to 2 out peers (DEAs or IPX Agents) as primary/secondary
peers for load-balancing and failover mechanisms
Security
> Diameter connections between peers should be secured by using TLS/TCP, DTLS/SCTP or
IPSec
> Diameter signaling plane in EPC core network is considered as natively secured

11

interne Orange

DIAMETER Peering Architecture Model 1


Case of Everything Everywhere, Orange France, Orange
Spain

12

interne Orange

DIAMETER Peering Architecture Model 2


Case of Optimus

13

interne Orange

ORANGE offer both models to enhance


roaming experience
help Mobile Operators offer a 4G roaming experience

Orange
IPX

HSS

14

interne Orange

MNO
C

DEA

Proxy
diameter

MNO

B
MME
DEA

Equipment integrated
in Orange International
Multiservice Network:
Diameter Edge Agent
DEA provides enhanced
security, interoperability
and routing functions

DEA

LTE Signalling enables the exchange of Diameter messages


between MNO (s6a interface)
GRX and ss7 connectivity complete the picture to support 4G
CSFB roaming scenario

MNO
A

Orange offer key features

Diameter
Routing
Solution
provides a lot of
functionalities to
ensure your
diameter traffic
exchange

availability
Geo-redundancy and local redundancy in Active/Stand-by mode
thank to SCTP protocol and multi-homing the solution is able to support network
failure, the traffic could be routed on the other side which is able to manage it

global robustness

DEA protects network from signalling storms against overload (New Year Day)

load-balancing and routing

re-routing, AVP-based routing, peer based routing.


Example for your Welcome SMS, SOR

connection management
native support of Diameter stack
filtering mechanism during CER/CEA (Capability-Exchange-Request /Answer)
peer (multiple connections per peer) state monitoring GUI interface and
possibility of script to monitor

transport and protocols

15

interne Orange

TCP, SCTP, SCTP multi-homing, IPv4/IPv6 interworking, Ipsec, Diameter, protocol


interworking (MAP, RADIUS in roadmap) and Diameter dynamical Stack Support

Focus on NCELL
Architecture

16

NCELL Enviroment

Single PCRF
2 HSS (1 standby) ZTE
2 MME (1 standby) Huawei

NCELL has no need for a DRA in particular not virtual DRA

Orange proposal

Free virtual DEA


HSS MME direct connection to Orange DEA (Mode 2)
Both ZTE and HW equipment already tested and validated with Orange DEA by several
clients
DEAs DRF capable of manage direct connection (example ROUT in appendix 1

Orange solution is fully compatible with NCELL requirements and can allow considerably
cost saving (no leased virtual DRA)

17

interne Orange

NCELL Routing Rules NCELL's Outgoing traffic


(NCELL->Orange)
Only a simple routing rule is need:
If

the Destination Host not NCELL then the traffic shall be


sent to Orange DEA

Orange ruoting rule: NCELLs Incoming traffic


(Orange->NCELL)
Orange DEA will mange more complex rules
If the Destination Host is empty then the DSU (Request) is sent towards
NCELL HSS
If the Destination Host is present then the DSU will be routed toward such
destination (example of HSS excahnging with MME for RIN)
Orange solution can route by IMSI range if more then one HSS is active

18

interne Orange

Appendinx 1 : Signaling
flow between Mode 1 (own
DEA/DRA) and mode 2
(using carrier DEA)

19

NCELL Mode 2
connection will
work as the
Optimus one in
the example

20

interne Orange

UK in the
example
represent a
partner using
its own internal
DEA/DRA

NCELL Mode 2
connection will
work as the
Optimus one in
the example

21

interne Orange

UK in the
example
represent a
partner using
its own internal
DEA/DRA

Thank You

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