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Modular Programming and Function

The document discusses modular programming and functions in CSC 1164. It covers topics such as elements of modular programs, functions that return values using the return statement, scope and duration of variables, and functions with parameters. Functions can return values of various data types like integers and characters. Variables can have global, local, static, or dynamic scope depending on where they are declared. Functions communicate data through parameters and return values.

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Alif Izwan
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125 views18 pages

Modular Programming and Function

The document discusses modular programming and functions in CSC 1164. It covers topics such as elements of modular programs, functions that return values using the return statement, scope and duration of variables, and functions with parameters. Functions can return values of various data types like integers and characters. Variables can have global, local, static, or dynamic scope depending on where they are declared. Functions communicate data through parameters and return values.

Uploaded by

Alif Izwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMING FOR COMPUTING

Modular Programming and


Function

Lecture Week # 5
Monday, 27th July 2015

CSC 1164

Topics to be covered
Element of Modular Programs
Structure of Modular Programming
Function that returns values
- Return statement
- Scope of Variables
- Duration of Variables

Function with Parameters


In-line function

Function That Return Values


If the function we are designing is expected to
produce and return only one value, we can use the
function name for this purpose;
The function name must have a return type other
than void
The return type is any data type, such as int,
double or char

Function That Return Values

int user_request ( )
Has int as its return type
Function is designed such that it will return an
interger value as its output under its name,
user_request

The return Statement


return ;
A function designed to return a value under its
name must contain at least one return statement
in its body.
If the return type of a function definition is
missing, the default is int.
If a function is not intended to return a value
under its name, its return type must be void.

Scope of Variables
Region in which it can used legitimately.
Function that require data as input to carry out its
tasks.
~ Function that calls another function may
communicate data to it and may receive data
from it.
Where in a program the declared variables can
be used legally to access their values.
Concepts of scope, visibility and duration of
variables.

Types of Variables
Depending on where they are declared;
1. Global variables
2. Local variables
3. Function formal parameters

Types of Variables
Depending on where they are declared;
1. Global variables
A variable declared outside any function in a source
file
Begins at the point of its declaration and terminates
at the end of the file
Are said to have file scope

Types of Variables
Depending on where they are declared;
2. Local variables
A variable declared within a block
Starts at the point of its declaration and extends until
at the end of the block
Also called as block scope

Multiple Declarations of Variables


and Visibility
Another consideration closely related to scope is
visibility of a variable;
Programs ability to access thats variables memory
location.

Accessing Hidden Global Variables:


The Scope Resolution Operator
It may be necessary to access hidden global
variables by using the scope resolution operator, ::
on the hidden global variable;

cout << \na = << a;


is to the local variable a declared in line 11.

Accessing Hidden Global Variables:


The Scope Resolution Operator
However, the statement in line 15,

cout << \nGlobal a = << ::a;


Will print Global = ??

Duration of Variables
At run time, a memory location is reserved for each
declared variable.
Depending on how declarations are made, such
memory locations exist for a certain period.
the time during which a memory location exists for
that variable at run time.

Duration of Variables
Types of duration:
1. Static
2. Local
3. Dynamic

Duration of Variables
Types of duration:
1. Static
Exist in the memory in fixed data segments until the
termination of the program.
Global variables are static variables; unless they have been
explicitly assigned values.
Variable with static duration are initialized to zero.

Duration of Variables
Types of duration:
2. Local
Physically created in the memory when the object code
corresponding to the enclosing block or function is
encountered during execution.
Exists until the end of that block or function.
Must be explicitly initialized.

Duration of Variables
Types of duration:
3. Dynamic
Variables created and destroyed by using specific operators at
run time
Have dynamic duration

main_program
reque
st

user_request

print_menu

draw_rectangle

draw_triangle

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