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3 Phase Controlled Rectifiers Final

This document discusses 3-phase controlled rectifiers and their operation. It describes how 3-phase half-wave and full-wave converters work using thyristors to control the output voltage. The maximum output voltage is obtained at a delay angle of 0 degrees. Semiconverters and dual converters are also discussed which allow single and four-quadrant operation respectively. Equations are provided for calculating the average output voltage of these converters based on the delay angle.

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Rama Prasad
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262 views57 pages

3 Phase Controlled Rectifiers Final

This document discusses 3-phase controlled rectifiers and their operation. It describes how 3-phase half-wave and full-wave converters work using thyristors to control the output voltage. The maximum output voltage is obtained at a delay angle of 0 degrees. Semiconverters and dual converters are also discussed which allow single and four-quadrant operation respectively. Equations are provided for calculating the average output voltage of these converters based on the delay angle.

Uploaded by

Rama Prasad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Controlled Rectifiers

3 Phase Controlled Rectifiers

Operate from 3 phase ac supply voltage.


They provide higher dc output voltage.
Higher dc output power.
Higher output voltage ripple frequency.
Filtering requirements are simplified for
smoothing out load voltage and load
current.
2

Extensively used in high power variable


speed industrial dc drives.
Three single phase half-wave converters
can be connected together to form a three
phase half-wave converter.

3-Phase Half Wave Converter


(3-Pulse Converter)
with RL Load
Continuous & Constant
Load Current Operation
4

The maximum average or dc output voltage is


obtained at a delay angle 0 and is given by
3 3 Vm
Vdc max Vdm
2
Where Vm is the peak phase voltage.
And the normalized average output voltage is
Vdcn

Vdc
Vn
cos
Vdm
6

3 Phase Half Wave


Controlled Rectifier Output
Voltage Waveforms For RL
Load
at Different Trigger Angles
7

an

bn

cn

V 0
=30
0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

an

270

300

330

360

bn

390

420

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

360

= 60

30

=300

cn

V 0
0

390

420

=600
t

=900

3 Phase Half Wave


Controlled Rectifier Output
Voltage Waveforms For R Load
or RL Load with FWD
at Different Trigger Angles
10

a
2

b
T

+
T

R
V
n

a
T

L
n

11

V
V

an

bn

cn

= 0
s
0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

an

300

330

360

390

bn

420

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

360

cn

=150

= 15
V

=00

390

420

12
Prof. M.

an

bn

cn

= 3 0
V

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

an

300

330

360

390

bn

420

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

360

cn

= 6 0
0

=300

0
30

390

420

=600
t

13

Three Phase Full Converter


3 Phase Fully Controlled Full Wave Bridge
Converter.
Known as a 6-pulse converter.
Used in industrial applications up to
120kW output power.
Two quadrant operation is possible.

14

15

16

17

The thyristors are triggered at an interval of


/ 3.
The frequency of output ripple voltage is 6fS.
T1 is triggered at t = (/6 + ), T6 is
already conducting when T1 is turned ON.
During the interval (/6 + ) to (/2 + ),
T1 and T6 conduct together & the output
load voltage is equal to vab = (van vbn)
18

T2 is triggered at t = (/2 + ), T6 turns off naturally


as it is reverse biased as soon as T2 is triggered.
During the interval (/2 + ) to (5/6 + ), T1 and T2
conduct together & the output load voltage vO = vac =
(van vcn)
Thyristors are numbered in the order in which they
are triggered.
The thyristor triggering sequence is 12, 23, 34, 45,
56, 61, 12, 23, 34,

19

To Derive An Expression For The Average


Output Voltage Of 3-phase Full Converter
With Highly Inductive Load Assuming
Continuous And Constant Load Current

20

The output load voltage consists of 6


voltage pulses over a period of 2 radians,
Hence the average output voltage is
calculated as

VO dc

6
Vdc
2

vO .d t ;

vO vab 3Vm sin t


6

21

3
Vdc

6

3Vm sin t .d t
6

3 3Vm
3VmL
Vdc
cos
cos

Where VmL 3Vm Max. line-to-line supply voltage


The maximum average dc output voltage is
obtained for a delay angle 0,
Vdc max Vdm

3 3Vm 3VmL

22

The normalized average dc output voltage is


Vdc
Vdcn Vn
cos
Vdm
The rms value of the output voltage is found from

VO rms

1
2

v .d t

2
O

23

Vn/Vml-l for controlled 3-phase full


converter

Power Electronics

24

Three Phase Semiconverters


3 Phase semiconverters are used in Industrial dc
drive applications up to 120kW power output.
Single quadrant operation is possible.
Power factor decreases as the delay angle
increases.
Power factor is better than that of 3 phase half
wave converter.

25

3 Phase Half Controlled Bridge


Converter
(Semi Converter) with Highly
Inductive Load & Continuous
Ripple free Load Current

26

27

Wave forms of 3 Phase


0
Semiconverter for > 60

28

29

30

3 phase semiconverter output ripple frequency of


output voltage is 3 f S
The delay angle can be varied from 0 to
During the period
30 t 210
0

7
t
, thyristor T1 is forward biased
6
6
31


If thyristor T1 is triggered at t ,
6
T1 & D1 conduct together and the line to line voltage
vac appears across the load.
7
At t
, vac becomes negative & FWD Dm conducts.
6
The load current continues to flow through FWD Dm ;
T1 and D1 are turned off.
32

If FWD Dm is not used the T1 would continue to


conduct until the thyristor T2 is triggered at
5
t
, and Free wheeling action would
6

be accomplished through T1 & D2 .

If the delay angle , each thyristor conducts


3
2
for
and the FWD Dm does not conduct.
3

33

Wave forms of 3 Phase


0
Semiconverter for 60

34

35

36

37

To derive an Expression for the


Average Output Voltage
of 3 Phase Semiconverter
for > / 3 and Discontinuous
Output Voltage

38


For and discontinuous output voltage:
3
the Average output voltage is found from

3
Vdc
2

3
Vdc
2

v
.
d

ac

3 Vm sin t d t
6

39

3 3Vm
Vdc
1 cos
2
3VmL
Vdc
1 cos
2
VmL 3Vm Max. value of line-to-line supply voltage
The maximum average output voltage that occurs at
a delay angle of 0 is
Vdc max Vdm

3 3Vm

40

The normalized average output voltage is


Vdc
Vn
0.5 1 cos
Vdm
The rms output voltage is found from
VO rms

v
.
d

2
ac

1
2

41

Average or DC Output Voltage


of a 3-Phase Semiconverter for
/ 3,
and Continuous Output Voltage

42


For , and continuous output voltage
3
5

6
2
3

Vdc
v
.
d

v
.
d

ab
ac

2
6

3 3Vm
Vdc
1 cos
2
43

Three Phase Dual Converters


For four quadrant operation in many industrial
variable speed dc drives , 3 phase dual
converters are used.
Used for applications up to 2 mega watt
output power level.
Dual converter consists of two 3 phase full
converters which are connected in parallel &
in opposite directions across a common load.
44

45

Outputs of Converters 1 & 2


During the interval (/6 + 1) to (/2 + 1),
the line to line voltage vab appears across
the output of converter 1 and vbc appears
across the output of converter 2

46

To obtain an Expression for the


Circulating Current
If vO1 and vO2 are the output voltages of
converters 1 and 2 respectively, the
instantaneous voltage across the current
limiting inductor during the interval
(/6 + 1) t (/2 + 1) is given by

47

vr vO1 vO 2 vab vbc


vr 3Vm sin t sin t
6

vr 3Vm cos t
6

The circulating current can be calculated by


using the equation

48

Four Quadrant Operation


Conv. 2
Inverting
2 > 900

Conv. 2
Rectifying
2 < 900

Conv. 1
Rectifying
1 < 900

Conv. 1
Inverting
1 > 900

49

There are two different modes of


operation.
Circulating current free
(non circulating) mode of operation
Circulating current mode of operation

50

Non Circulating
Current Mode Of Operation
In this mode of operation only one
converter is switched on at a time
When the converter 1 is switched on,
For 1 < 900 the converter 1 operates in
the Rectification mode
Vdc is positive, Idc is positive and hence the
average load power Pdc is positive.
Power flows from ac source to the load
51

When the converter 1 is on,


For 1 > 900 the converter 1 operates in
the Inversion mode
Vdc is negative, Idc is positive and the
average load power Pdc is negative.
Power flows from load circuit to ac source.

52

When the converter 2 is switched on,


For 2 < 900 the converter 2 operates in
the Rectification mode
Vdc is negative, Idc is negative and the
average load power Pdc is positive.
The output load voltage & load current
reverse when converter 2 is on.
Power flows from ac source to the load
53

When the converter 2 is switched on,


For 2 > 900 the converter 2 operates in
the Inversion mode
Vdc is positive, Idc is negative and the
average load power Pdc is negative.
Power flows from load to the ac source.
Energy is supplied from the load circuit to
the ac supply.
54

Circulating Current
Mode Of Operation
Both the converters are switched on at the
same time.
One converter operates in the rectification
mode while the other operates in the
inversion mode.
Trigger angles 1 & 2 are adjusted such
that (1 + 2) = 1800
55

When 1 < 900, converter 1 operates as a


controlled rectifier. 2 is made greater
than 900 and converter 2 operates as an
Inverter.
Vdc is positive & Idc is positive and Pdc is
positive.

56

When 2 < 900, converter 2 operates as a


controlled rectifier. 1 is made greater
than 900 and converter 1 operates as an
Inverter.
Vdc is negative & Idc is negative and Pdc is
positive.

57

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