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PHP and Mysql For Dynamic Web Sites: Instructor'S Notes

php introduction

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adityajammula
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65 views

PHP and Mysql For Dynamic Web Sites: Instructor'S Notes

php introduction

Uploaded by

adityajammula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

PHP and MySQL for


Dynamic Web Sites 4th Edition

Instructors Notes
Chapter 1: Introduction to PHP
Copyright 2012 by Larry Ullman

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Learning Outcomes

Create a basic PHP script


Execute a PHP script
Send data to the Web browser
Write comments in PHP
Demonstrate how to use variables
Work with string variables, including concatenation and
a few string functions

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Learning Outcomes
Work with numeric variables, including arithmetic and
formatting
Work with constants
Know how PHP treats the two quotation mark types
differently
Recognize common escape sequences
Implement some basic debugging techniques

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Basic PHP Script


<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8"/>
<title>Basic PHP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is standard HTML.</p>
<?php
?>
</body>
</html>

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Running a PHP Script


Must have a PHP-enabled Web server (e.g., Apache)
Place the PHP script in the Web directory
Access the file in your browser through a URL
(http)

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Sending Data to the


Browser
echo 'Hello, world!';
echo "What's new?";
print 'Hello, world!';
print "What's new?";

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Sending Data to the


Browser
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<title>Using Echo</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Script 1.3 - second.php -->
<p>This is standard HTML.</p>
<?php
echo 'This was generated using PHP!';
?>
</body>
</html>

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Sending HTMLto the


Browser
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8"/>
<title>Hello, World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo '<p>Hello, <b>world</b>!</p>';
?>
</body>
</html>

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Escaping Characters
echo "She said, "How are you?""; // Error!
echo 'I'm just ducky.'; // Error!
echo 'She said, "How are you?"';
echo "I'm just ducky.";
echo "She said, \"How are you?\"";
print 'I\'m just ducky.';

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Parse Errors

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Writing Comments
<!-- HTML comment -->
<?php
# Single line PHP comment.
// Another type of single line PHP comment
/* This is a comment
that can go over
multiple lines. */

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Variable Types

Boolean
Integer
Floating point
String

Array
Objects
Resources
Null

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Variable Names

Start with a $
Contain only letters, numbers, and the underscore
The first character after the $ cannot be a number
Are case-sensitive
Use a consistent naming scheme!

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Printing Variables
print $some_var;
print "Hello, $name";
print 'Hello, $name'; // Won't work!

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String Values

'Tobias'
"In watermelon sugar"
'100'
'August 2, 2011'

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Creating and Using Strings


$first_name = 'Tobias';
$today = 'August 2, 2011';
$var = "Define \"platitude\", please.";
$var = 'Define "platitude", please.';
echo $first_name;
echo "Hello, $first_name";

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Performing Concatenation
$city= 'Seattle';
$state = 'Washington';
$address = $city . ', ' . $state;
// Or:
$city= 'Seattle';
$state = 'Washington';
$address = $city;
$address .= ', ';
$address .= $state;

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Numeric Values

8
3.14
10823479
-4.29048
4.4e2

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Creating and Using


Numbers
$n = 3.14;
$n = round ($n); // 3
$n = 3.142857;
$n = round ($n, 3); // 3.143
$n = 20943;
$n = number_format ($n); // 20,943
$n = 20943;
$n = number_format ($n, 2); // 20,943.00

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Arithmetic Operators
Operator

Meaning

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division

Modulus

++

Increment

--

Decrement

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Performing Arithmetic
<?php # Script 1.8 - numbers.php
// Set the variables:
$quantity = 30; // Buying 30 widgets.
$price = 119.95;
$taxrate = .05; // 5% sales tax.
// Calculate the total:
$total = $quantity * $price;
$total = $total + ($total * $taxrate); // Calculate and add the tax.
// Format the total:
$total = number_format ($total, 2);
// Print the results:
echo '<p>You are purchasing <b>' . $quantity . '</b> widget(s) at a cost of <b>$'
. $price . '</b> each. With tax, the total comes to <b>$' . $total . '</b>.</p>';
?>

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Creating and Using


Constants
define ('NAME', value);
define ('USERNAME', 'troutocity');
define ('PI', 3.14);
echo "Hello, USERNAME"; // Won't work!
echo 'Hello, ' . USERNAME;

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Quotation Marks
$var
echo
echo
echo
echo

= 'test';
"var is equal to $var";
'var is equal to $var';
"\$var is equal to $var";
'\$var is equal to $var'

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Escape Sequences
Code

Meaning

\"

Double quotation mark

\'

Single quotation mark

\\

Backslash

\n

Newline

\r

Carriage return

\t

Tab

\$

Dollar sign

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Basic Debugging

Always run PHP scripts through a URL


Know the version of PHP youre using
Enable display_errors
Check the HTML source code
Trust the error message
Take a break!

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