VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
PHP and MySQL for
Dynamic Web Sites 4th Edition
Instructors Notes
Chapter 1: Introduction to PHP
Copyright 2012 by Larry Ullman
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Learning Outcomes
Create a basic PHP script
Execute a PHP script
Send data to the Web browser
Write comments in PHP
Demonstrate how to use variables
Work with string variables, including concatenation and
a few string functions
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Learning Outcomes
Work with numeric variables, including arithmetic and
formatting
Work with constants
Know how PHP treats the two quotation mark types
differently
Recognize common escape sequences
Implement some basic debugging techniques
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Basic PHP Script
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8"/>
<title>Basic PHP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is standard HTML.</p>
<?php
?>
</body>
</html>
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Running a PHP Script
Must have a PHP-enabled Web server (e.g., Apache)
Place the PHP script in the Web directory
Access the file in your browser through a URL
(http)
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Sending Data to the
Browser
echo 'Hello, world!';
echo "What's new?";
print 'Hello, world!';
print "What's new?";
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Sending Data to the
Browser
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<title>Using Echo</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Script 1.3 - second.php -->
<p>This is standard HTML.</p>
<?php
echo 'This was generated using PHP!';
?>
</body>
</html>
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Sending HTMLto the
Browser
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8"/>
<title>Hello, World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo '<p>Hello, <b>world</b>!</p>';
?>
</body>
</html>
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Escaping Characters
echo "She said, "How are you?""; // Error!
echo 'I'm just ducky.'; // Error!
echo 'She said, "How are you?"';
echo "I'm just ducky.";
echo "She said, \"How are you?\"";
print 'I\'m just ducky.';
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Parse Errors
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Writing Comments
<!-- HTML comment -->
<?php
# Single line PHP comment.
// Another type of single line PHP comment
/* This is a comment
that can go over
multiple lines. */
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Variable Types
Boolean
Integer
Floating point
String
Array
Objects
Resources
Null
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Variable Names
Start with a $
Contain only letters, numbers, and the underscore
The first character after the $ cannot be a number
Are case-sensitive
Use a consistent naming scheme!
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Printing Variables
print $some_var;
print "Hello, $name";
print 'Hello, $name'; // Won't work!
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
String Values
'Tobias'
"In watermelon sugar"
'100'
'August 2, 2011'
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Creating and Using Strings
$first_name = 'Tobias';
$today = 'August 2, 2011';
$var = "Define \"platitude\", please.";
$var = 'Define "platitude", please.';
echo $first_name;
echo "Hello, $first_name";
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Performing Concatenation
$city= 'Seattle';
$state = 'Washington';
$address = $city . ', ' . $state;
// Or:
$city= 'Seattle';
$state = 'Washington';
$address = $city;
$address .= ', ';
$address .= $state;
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Numeric Values
8
3.14
10823479
-4.29048
4.4e2
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Creating and Using
Numbers
$n = 3.14;
$n = round ($n); // 3
$n = 3.142857;
$n = round ($n, 3); // 3.143
$n = 20943;
$n = number_format ($n); // 20,943
$n = 20943;
$n = number_format ($n, 2); // 20,943.00
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Arithmetic Operators
Operator
Meaning
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Modulus
++
Increment
--
Decrement
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Performing Arithmetic
<?php # Script 1.8 - numbers.php
// Set the variables:
$quantity = 30; // Buying 30 widgets.
$price = 119.95;
$taxrate = .05; // 5% sales tax.
// Calculate the total:
$total = $quantity * $price;
$total = $total + ($total * $taxrate); // Calculate and add the tax.
// Format the total:
$total = number_format ($total, 2);
// Print the results:
echo '<p>You are purchasing <b>' . $quantity . '</b> widget(s) at a cost of <b>$'
. $price . '</b> each. With tax, the total comes to <b>$' . $total . '</b>.</p>';
?>
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Creating and Using
Constants
define ('NAME', value);
define ('USERNAME', 'troutocity');
define ('PI', 3.14);
echo "Hello, USERNAME"; // Won't work!
echo 'Hello, ' . USERNAME;
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Quotation Marks
$var
echo
echo
echo
echo
= 'test';
"var is equal to $var";
'var is equal to $var';
"\$var is equal to $var";
'\$var is equal to $var'
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Escape Sequences
Code
Meaning
\"
Double quotation mark
\'
Single quotation mark
\\
Backslash
\n
Newline
\r
Carriage return
\t
Tab
\$
Dollar sign
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
Basic Debugging
Always run PHP scripts through a URL
Know the version of PHP youre using
Enable display_errors
Check the HTML source code
Trust the error message
Take a break!
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
