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Lecture 16 FIR Design

This document discusses the design of finite impulse response (FIR) filters. It explains that FIR filters are easy to design, always stable, and have linear phase distortion, but are large and slow to implement. Various examples are provided to demonstrate how to design low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass FIR filters by adjusting the cutoff frequencies and length of the filter. The document also discusses how using different window functions, such as triangular, von Hann, and Hamming windows, can improve the frequency response of FIR filters by reducing ringing artifacts.

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204 views28 pages

Lecture 16 FIR Design

This document discusses the design of finite impulse response (FIR) filters. It explains that FIR filters are easy to design, always stable, and have linear phase distortion, but are large and slow to implement. Various examples are provided to demonstrate how to design low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass FIR filters by adjusting the cutoff frequencies and length of the filter. The document also discusses how using different window functions, such as triangular, von Hann, and Hamming windows, can improve the frequency response of FIR filters by reducing ringing artifacts.

Uploaded by

evhyajah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIR Filter Design

Chapter 12.8
Lecture 16

1
2 Types of Filters
• Finite Impulse Response (FIR)
– Easy to design No poles:
– Always stable! always stable
– Phase distortion is LINEAR
– Large and slow to implement
• y[n] = b0x[n] + b1x[n-1] + ….+ bmx[n-m]
• Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)
– Harder to design
– Can be unstable
– More efficient (faster)!
• y[n] = -a1y[n-1] + …+ aNy[n-N] + b0x[n] + ….+ bmx[n-m]

2
Design an FIR LPF
• Start with Ideal Filter:

• Obtain the time domain impulse response

3
• Now, let’s observe this filter in the time
domain using MATLAB:
– Let Ω1 = π/3

4
MATLAB CODE
• close all
• clear all
•
• %note: we must truncate a sinc function! So, let's begin by
observing the
• %function from n = -m:m for different values of m
•
• n = -10:10;
• h = sin(pi/3*n)./(pi*n);
• h(11) = 1/3;
• figure, stem(n, h)
• a = 1;
• figure, freqz(h, a)

5
Example
• Design a LPF-FIR filter if Ω1 = π/3, m = 10

fB = 0.3π
0db in pass band Ringing in stop band

6
Example 2
• Design a LPF-FIR filter if Ω1 = π/3, m = 20
Ringing in pass band (we’ll
see this better in a bit) More ringing in the stop band
Steeper cut off
0db in pass band

7
Example 3
• Design a LPF-FIR filter if Ω1 = π/3, m = 50

8
Design a FIR BPF
• How do you think we could adjust the LPF
into a BPF?

9
Example
• Design a BPF-FIR filter if • close all
• clear all
•
• %note: we must truckate a sinc function! So, let's
Ω0 = 0.6π, begin by observing the
• %function from n = -m:m for different values of m
•
• n = -20:20;
Ω1 = π/6, • h = (1./(pi.*n)).*(sin(pi/6.*n)).*(cos(0.6*pi.*n));
• h(21) = 0.1667;
m = 20, 40, 100 • figure, stem(n, h)
• a = 1;
• figure, freqz(h, a)

10
BPF with
Ω0 = 0.6π, Ω1 = π/6, m = 20

11
BPF with
Ω0 = 0.6π, Ω1 = π/6, m = 40

12
BPF with
Ω0 = 0.6π, Ω1 = π/6, m = 100

13
Design an FIR HPF
• n = -10:10;
• h = (1./
(pi.*n)).*(sin(2*pi/3.*n)).*(cos(pi.*n));
• h(11) = 2/3;
• figure, stem(h)
• a = 1;
• figure, freqz(h, a)

14
HPF with
Ω1 = π/3, m = 10

15
Improving FIR Filter
• Look again at LPF results

• What would we really like to see? Where


does this problem come from?

16
Improving FIR Filter: Ideal vs Real
• Ideal LPF

• Real LPF

• How do we improve?

17
Types of windows
• What if a more “gradual” window is used?
– Triangle:

– Von Hann (aka: the raised cosine window)

– Hamming Window (an improved Von Hann Window)

18
Example
Design a 51-term FIR LPF with Ω1=0.3π
Using a rectangular window:
h[n] =

h[0] =

19
Rectangular Window

20
Example
Design a 51-term FIR LPF with Ω1=0.3π
Using a Triangular window
h[n] =

h[n] =

21
Triangular Window

22
Example
Design a 51-term FIR LPF with Ω1=0.3π
Using a Von Hann window
h[n] =

h[n] =

23
Von Hann Window

24
Example
Design a 51-term FIR LPF with Ω1=0.3π
Using a Hamming window
h[n] =

h[n] =

25
Hamming Window

26
Closer comparison

27
Log Comparison

28

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