Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 188 views

    Mangroves Forests in Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    ABDUL RAUF
    Mangroves forests in Pakistan are the largest arid climate mangroves in the world. They have declined significantly from 604,870 hectares in 1932 to around 86,000 hectares in 2005 due to lack of fresh water from dams, waste pollution, overexploitation, and natural disasters. Mangroves provide important ecosystem services like protection from storms and erosion, but their loss results in sea intrusion and damage. Efforts are underway to rehabilitate mangroves through replanting and engage coastal communities to sustainably manage resources and develop alternative livelihoods like apiculture and ecotourism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mangroves Forests in Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    ABDUL RAUF
    188 views18 pages
    Mangroves forests in Pakistan are the largest arid climate mangroves in the world. They have declined significantly from 604,870 hectares in 1932 to around 86,000 hectares in 2005 due to lack of fresh water from dams, waste pollution, overexploitation, and natural disasters. Mangroves provide important ecosystem services like protection from storms and erosion, but their loss results in sea intrusion and damage. Efforts are underway to rehabilitate mangroves through replanting and engage coastal communities to sustainably manage resources and develop alternative livelihoods like apiculture and ecotourism.

    Original Description:

    Mangroves Forests in Pakistan

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Mangroves forests in Pakistan are the largest arid climate mangroves in the world. They have declined significantly from 604,870 hectares in 1932 to around 86,000 hectares in 2005 due to lack of fresh water from dams, waste pollution, overexploitation, and natural disasters. Mangroves provide important ecosystem services like protection from storms and erosion, but their loss results in sea intrusion and damage. Efforts are underway to rehabilitate mangroves through replanting and engage coastal communities to sustainably manage resources and develop alternative livelihoods like apiculture and ecotourism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    188 views18 pages

    Mangroves Forests in Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    ABDUL RAUF
    Mangroves forests in Pakistan are the largest arid climate mangroves in the world. They have declined significantly from 604,870 hectares in 1932 to around 86,000 hectares in 2005 due to lack of fresh water from dams, waste pollution, overexploitation, and natural disasters. Mangroves provide important ecosystem services like protection from storms and erosion, but their loss results in sea intrusion and damage. Efforts are underway to rehabilitate mangroves through replanting and engage coastal communities to sustainably manage resources and develop alternative livelihoods like apiculture and ecotourism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Mangroves Forests in

    Pakistan

    Mohummad Tahir Qureshi


    Coastal Ecosystem Expert
    IUCN - Pakistan
    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Largest arid climate mangroves in the World


    Maritime Zone is one of the most productive areas in the world
    80 percent of the Worlds oil tankers pass through Pakistan water
    Government of Pakistan earns 8.8 billion rupees on exports, on an average
    annually

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Coastal & Marine Resource Potential


    90 million tons is the world wide catches of marine fishes per

    annum and 0.665 million tons is the catch in Pakistan


    About 450 sp: of fish are recorded from Arabian sea and
    Pakistan has over 100 sp:
    25 sp: of fish are of commercial importance

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Coastal & Marine Resource Potential

    Over 150,000 people use about 36,000 tons of mangrove


    fire wood per month along Pakistan coast.

    About 16,000 camels, 4,000-6,000 cows and water buffaloes


    and 2,500 3,000 cattle graze in mangroves.

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Distribution of Mangrove
    Forests along the Coast of
    Pakistan
    Mangrove Categories

    Year

    1. Dense, normal and sparse


    mangroves vegetation

    1932

    604,870

    2. Dense, normal and sparse


    vegetation

    1986

    440,000

    3. Dense, normal and sparse


    vegetation

    1992

    160,000

    2005

    86,000

    4. Dense, normal and sparse


    vegetation
    (approx.)
    Source:

    Area in Hectares

    coastal environmental management plan for Pakistan, UNESCAP, GOP, 1996


    Mangroves of Pakistan Status & Management,
    IUCN Pakistan,
    2005
    International
    Union for
    Conservation of Nature

    Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat


    Scarcity of Fresh Water
    Average Annual & Seasonal Discharge
    Volumes Downstream of Kotri Barrage

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat

    Waste disposal and pollution

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat


    Marine Pollution
    Municipal Waste:

    104 million gallons/day

    Industrial Waste:

    175 million gallons/day

    (Tanneries
    Power Plants, Steel Mills, Harbours, Ports etc )
    Oil Pollution:

    1.5 million tons/year

    International Conventions relating to Sea


    MARPOL 73-78
    Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matters
    Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation Control of
    Transboundary movement and hazardous waste and their disposal.
    Laws Relating to Pakistan
    Pakistan Penal Code 1861
    Port Act 1905
    Factories Act 1934
    Regulating Bodies / Agencies
    Maritime Security Agency (MSA), Sindh and Balochistan
    (Environmental Protection Agencies), Port Authorities, Fish Harbour Authorities

    Source: Karachi Development Authority (2000)


    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat

    Improper
    management
    and over
    exploitation

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Ecological implications of
    Destruction/Depletion of
    Mangrove Resources
    Change in composition of vegetation

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Ecological implications of
    the Destruction of Mangroves
    Sea Intrusion

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Mangrove Rehabilitation in
    Pakistan
    Replanting 1987-2008 30,000 hectares

    Plantation

    Organizations involved
    IUCN-Pakistan, Gwader Development
    Authority (GDA), Port Qasim Authority,
    Balochistan & Sindh Forests and Wildlife
    Deptt, Balochistan Coastal Development
    Authority, District Govt. Communities

    Nursery

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Re-introduction of 2 mangroves
    species to increase biodiversity
    along Balochistan Coast

    To develop
    effective
    methods of
    rehabilitating
    degraded
    mangroves
    forests, using
    both artificial and
    assisted natural
    regeneration.

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Mangroves protective plantation


    against natural disaster (cyclone,
    Tsunami) and sand dunes shifting
    New nursery grounds for shrimp
    and fishes

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Awareness Raising & Capacity Building

    to raise awareness among the coastal


    communities, in order to promote
    sustainable use of mangrove forest

    to build the capacity of the Sindh and


    Balochistan forest departments.

    to provide technical back stropping to


    the agencies responsible for the
    conservation of mangrove forests.

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Apiculture & Ecotourism


    Alternate source of Income for
    Coastal Community
    Mangrove Walkway

    Honeybee keeping in
    Mangrove

    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    Suggestions and
    Recommendations
    Minimum environmental flows should be released
    down the Kotri barrage for ecosystem and livelihood
    of local population.
    The pollution should be treated at source before
    discharging into the sea.
    Deep sea fishing policy should be developed in
    consultation with coastal community.
    Government should sanction long term mangrove
    forests and fisheries rehabilitation project along the
    coast of Pakistan.
    Coastal communities should be involved in coastal
    resource
    management at all levels.
    Communities should be provided alternatives for
    reducing
    International Union for Conservation of Nature
    their dependence on mangrove ecosystems.

    Thanks
    International Union for Conservation of Nature

    You might also like