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Brain Computer Interface

This document provides an overview of human computer interaction and brain computer interfaces. It discusses the different types of BCIs, including invasive, partially invasive, and non-invasive. The main techniques are described, such as EEG, MRI, fMRI, ERP, MEG, and ECoG. Applications areas like gaming, education, security, and assistive technologies are covered. Challenges include sensory interfacing and translation algorithms, while advantages include direct brain control and helping paralyzed individuals. The document concludes that while still in development, BCI has potential to change lives and will require multidisciplinary research teams to continue advancing.

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neha
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© © All Rights Reserved
69 views

Brain Computer Interface

This document provides an overview of human computer interaction and brain computer interfaces. It discusses the different types of BCIs, including invasive, partially invasive, and non-invasive. The main techniques are described, such as EEG, MRI, fMRI, ERP, MEG, and ECoG. Applications areas like gaming, education, security, and assistive technologies are covered. Challenges include sensory interfacing and translation algorithms, while advantages include direct brain control and helping paralyzed individuals. The document concludes that while still in development, BCI has potential to change lives and will require multidisciplinary research teams to continue advancing.

Uploaded by

neha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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HUMAN COMPUTER

INTERACTION

By Neha

CONTENTS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)

INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF BCI
BCI TECHNIQUES
HOW THE BRAIN FUNCTIONS
COMPONENTS OF BCI
CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN SIGNALS
HOW BCI WORKS?
APPLICATIONS AREAS OF BCI
CHALLENGES WITH BCI
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
FUTURE WORK
CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

A Human Computer Interaction(HCI) /Brain


Computer
Interface
(BCI)
provides
a
communication path between human brain and
the computer system.
It translate the intent of user into an action.
BCI started with Hans Bergersinventing of
electrical activity of human brain and the
development of electroencephalography (EEG).
The first experiments were carried on animals .

INTRODUCTION(CONT..)

TYPES OF BCI

TYPES OF BCI(CONT..)

Invasive BCI
Partially invasive BCI
Non-invasive BCI

INVASIVE BCI

Invasive BCI are directly implanted in the


grey matter of brain during neurosurgery.
Produce the highest quality brain signals of
BCI.
Prone to scar tissue build up.

SEMI / PARTIALLY INVASIVE


BCI

Device is implanted in skull but rest outside the


brain.
Produces better resolution signals than noninvasive BCI.
Lower risk of forming scar tissue than invasive
BCI.
EcOG is based on this.

NON INVASIVE BCI

Electrodes are mounted on caps or headbands


that read brain signals.
It read signals less effectively.
Produces least signal clarity.
Considered the safest.
Easy to wear.
EEG,MRI,fMRI uses this technique.

BCI TECHNIQUES

EEG
MRI
fMRI
ERP
MEG
ECOG

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY(EEG)

Electroencephalography(EEG) is the recording of


electrical activity along the scalp produced by the
firing of neurons within the brain.
It is recorded over a short period of time usually
20-40 minutes.
It has very high temporal resolution.
EEG sensors can be used in more places than fMRI,
MRS,MEG
It is non-invasive technique.
Low spatial resolution on the scalp.
It is used widely because it is easy to use,portable
and cheap.

BCI TECHNIQUES(CONT..)

MRI

fMRI

Magnetic resonance
imaging.

Functional magnetic
resonance imaging

It is the medical imaging


technique to visualise
internal structure of body
in detail.

Physicians use fMRI to


assess how risky brain
surgery or similar invasive
treatment is for a patient

Clinicians also use fMRI to


anatomically map the brain
and detect the effects of
tumors, stroke, head and
brain injury.

Provides Better spatial


resolution

Useful in imaging of
brain,heart,muscles.

BCI TECHNIQUES(CONT..)
ERP

(EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL)

These potentials occur due to


occurrence of a external or
internal event.

Exogenous ERP-due to external


event

Endogenous ERP-internal event

Types of ERP are:

MEG

(MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

1.

P300

2.

Visual evoked potential

3.

Event related
synchroniation/desynchronisa
tion.

a technique for mapping


brain activity by
recordingmagnetic fields
produced by electrical
currents occurring
naturally in the brain
To detect brain tumour.
To study vision
auditionandlanguage
processingin newborns

ECOG (ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY)

In this techniqueelectrodes areplaced directly


on the exposed surface of thebrainto record
electrical activity.
Can be performed at any stage before, during,
and after a surgery
Greater precision and sensitivity than an EEG
scalp recording spatial resolution is higher
It has limited field of view.

HOW THE BRAIN FUNCTIONS

Brain is full of neurons.


Every time we think, move, feel or remember
something, our neurons are at work.
That work is carried out by small electric
signals that signals that move from neuron to
neuron as fast as 250 mph.
The signals are generated by differences in
electric potential carried by ions on the
membrane of each neuron.
Scientists detect those signals, interpret what
they mean and use them to direct a device of
some kind.

COMPONENTS OF BCI

COMPONENTS OF BCI(CONT..)

Signal acquistion system : consists electrodes


which pick electrical signals
Signal preprocessing : removes noise from the
recorded signal
Feature extractor :converts brain signals in
relevant feature components.
Feature
translator
:classifies
feature
components in logical controls.
Application interface :converts to physical
device commands which are excecuted by the
device

CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN SIGNALS


Type

Frequency

Use

Delta

0.5 4 Hz

Occur during sleep , coma

Theta

4 8 Hz

Correlated with emotional stress


(frustration & disappointment)

Alpha

8 12 Hz

Reduce amplitude with sensory


stimulation & mental imagery

Beta

12 30 Hz

Can increase amplitude with


intense mental activity

HOW BCI WORKS.?

HOW BCI WORKS?

APPLICATION AREAS OF BCI

Gaming and entertainment


Training and education
Safety and security
Device control
Military
Virtual environment
Robotics
Neuroprosthetics

APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Brain controlled
wheelchair

Smart home

APPLICATION
EXAMPLES(CONT..)

Playing game with


the help of BCI

Brain controlled
robot

APPLICATION
EXAMPLES(CONT..)
Other examples:
Mental typewriter.
Virtual keyboard.
BCI system for typing words by selecting from
display.
Lie detection test.

CHALLENGES WITH BCI

Sensory interfacing problems


Electroencephalographic(EEG) sensors
Electrocorticographic(ECoG) sensors
Implanted microelectrodes
Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).
Translation algorithm problems
Brain itself

ADVANTAGES

It can translate the intent of user into an action


without using periphery nerves and muscles.
DIRECT COMMUNICATION between human brain
and computers.
Better
LIVING,
more
FEATURES,
more
ADVANCEMENT in technologies etc.
allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic
limbs with their mind
allow gamers to control video games with their
minds
It can give back vision and learning to people.

DISADVANTAGES
Virus attacks may occur to brain causing ill effects.
It requires extensive training.
BCI techniques are costly.
They have slow speed.
It requires extensive training before the users can

use that.
Research is still in beginning stages.
Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar
tissue in the brain
Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few
electric signals from the brain

FUTURE WORK

BCI for health


Better translation algorithms.
Lesser invasive techniques.
Able to communicate with the computer and
other devices by speech, thought, gestures etc...
Human brain may be implanted in robots.
human can easily communicate wireless through
thoughts.

CONCLUSION

It is in its development stage but still it has


made an impact.
Through early research we can say that once
developed fully it will change the way of living
of humans
New applications will be developed in the next
20 yrs. It will make the human dream of
virtualisation come true in no time.
To achieve higher success in this field, the
research teams should be multidisciplinary
containing engineers, computer programmers,
psychologists and medical doctors.

THANK
YOU

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