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Ce-474: Construction Project Scheduling: Ational University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad-Pakistan

1. The document discusses construction project scheduling and defines network diagrams as logical and chronological representations of project activities and events. 2. It describes two main network diagramming methods - arrow diagrams and node networks. Arrow diagrams use arrows to represent activities while node networks use links between activity numbers. 3. The document provides examples of basic logic patterns for arrow and node networks including independent activities, dependent activities, merges, bursts and crosses. It also discusses dummy activities, lags, leads and recommendations for proper node network drawings.

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62 views39 pages

Ce-474: Construction Project Scheduling: Ational University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad-Pakistan

1. The document discusses construction project scheduling and defines network diagrams as logical and chronological representations of project activities and events. 2. It describes two main network diagramming methods - arrow diagrams and node networks. Arrow diagrams use arrows to represent activities while node networks use links between activity numbers. 3. The document provides examples of basic logic patterns for arrow and node networks including independent activities, dependent activities, merges, bursts and crosses. It also discusses dummy activities, lags, leads and recommendations for proper node network drawings.

Uploaded by

zainjoiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

CE-474: CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

SCHEDULING

Department of Construction Engineering and Managemnet


National University of Sciences and Technology,

H-12, Islamabad- Pakistan

Basic Networks

5/9/16

DEFINITION AND INTRODUCTION


A network is a logical and chronological graphic
representation of the activities (and events)
composing a project.
Network diagrams are the preferred technique for
showing activity sequencing.
Two main formats are the arrow and precedence
diagramming methods.
Arrow networks and node networks.
5/9/16

Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)


Also called activity-on-arrow (AOA). 1
network diagram or (I-J) method (because
activities are defined by the form node, I,
and the to node, J)
.Activities are represented by arrows. 2
Nodes or circles are the starting and. 3
.ending points of activities
Can only show finish-to-start. 4
.dependencies
5/9/16

Basic Logic Patterns for Arrow


Diagrams
an event is a point in time when an activity starts or ends. In computer software,
events with significance can be created as milestones,1 and they are either
start milestones, such as Notice to Proceed, or finish milestones, such as
Substantial Completion.

Node (Event) i

Node (Event) j

Activity Name

j>i

Each activity should have a unique i j value

(a) Basic Activity

5/9/16

10

(b) Independent Activities

(c) Dependent Activities


5/9/16

12

4
2

Activity C depends upon the completion of both Activities A & B

(d) A Merge

6
8

Activities B and C both depend upon the completion of Activity A


5/9/16

(e) A Burst

12
14

A
B

16

18

20

Activities C and D both depend upon the completion of Activities A and B

(f) A Cross

5/9/16

Example
Draw the arrow network for the project given next.

IPA*

Activity

C,D

*immediately preceding activity

5/9/16

Solution :

10

30

40 E 50

20
C

5/9/16

10

Dummy activity (fictitious)


* Used to maintain unique numbering of
activities.
* Used to complete logic, duration of 0
The use of dummy to maintain unique*
. numbering of activities

5/9/16

11

A
Divide node to correct

11
B

(a) Incorrect Representation

11
B

Dummy

10
5/9/16

(b) Correct Representation

12

Example
Draw the arrow network for the project given next.

5/9/16

IPA

Activity

B,C

13

14

Solution :

10 A 20

D 40
30
C
Improper solution

30

40 D 50

10 A 20
C
5/9/16

Dummy

proper solution

15

Example
Draw the arrow network for the project given next.

5/9/16

IPA

Activity

B,C

15

Solution :

30

Dummy 1

10 A 20

Dummy 2

5/9/16

40

50 E

60

16

Removal of Redundant Dummies


Original Diagram

(a)

(b)

5/9/16

Diagram after
removal of
redundant
dummies
A
B

17

Original Diagram

(c)

(d)

5/9/16

Diagram after
removal of
redundant
dummies
A
C

18

Immediately Preceding
Activity (IPA)

Depends Upon

Activity

----A
B

----A
A, B

A
B
C

Redundant
Relationship

5/9/16

19

Removing Redundant Relationships:

Depends Upon
--------A
A, B, C
A, B, C
B, C, J, M
B, C, D, E, K
D, E, F, G, L
-----------------

5/9/16

Description
Site Clearing
Removal of Trees
Excavation for Foundations
Site Grading
Excavation for Utility Trenches
Placing formwork & Reinforcement
Installing sewer lines
Pouring concrete
Obtain formwork & reinforcing steel
Obtain sewer lines
Obtain concrete
Steelworker availability

Activity
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M

20

L
J
M

20
20

10
10

15
15

55

25
25

G
E
D

40
40

45
45

35
35

30
30
K

AOA Representation
5/9/16

21

NODE NETWORKS MTHOD (AON)

Link

Activity number
10
10
AA

Activity name

20
20
BB

a) Independent Activities

10
10
AA

Link

20
20
BB

B depends on A

b) Dependent Activities

5/9/16

22

10
10
AA

30
30
CC

40
40
D
D

C depends on A & B
D depends on C

20
20
BB

c) A Merge Relationship

10
10
AA

20
20
BB

30
30
CC
40
40
D
D

B depends on A
C depends on B
D depends on B

d) A Burst Relationship
5/9/16

23

A
A

D
D
Start
Start
Dummy
Dummy

B
B
C
C

A
A

EE

D
D
Finish
Finish
Dummy
Dummy

B
B
C
C

EE

e) Start & Finish Dummy Activities

5/9/16

24

25

Example
Draw the arrow network for the project given next.

5/9/16

IPA

Activity

C,D

25

Solution :

5/9/16

26

27

Example
Draw the arrow network for the project given next.

5/9/16

IPA

Activity

B,C

27

Solution :

B
A

5/9/16

28

29

Example
Draw the arrow network for the project given next.

5/9/16

IPA

Activity

B,C

29

Solution :

B
A

5/9/16

D
PF

30

Lags and Leads


In some situations, an activity cannot start
until a certain time after the end of its
Predecessor.
Lag is defined as a minimum waiting period
between the finish (or start) of an activity and
the start (or finish) of its successor.
Arrow networks cannot accommodate lags.
The only solution in such networks is to treat
it as a real activity with a real duration, no
resources, and a $0 budget.
5/9/16

31

Examples

Place
Concrete
3

Strips Forms
2

A lag in a node
network

Place Concrete

Cure Concrete

Strips Forms

A lag in an arrow network

5/9/16

32

The term lead simply means a negative lag. It


is seldom used in construction. In simple
language: A positive time gap (lag) means
after and a negative time gap (lead) means
before.

5/9/16

33

Recommendations for Proper Node Diagram


Drawing

Incorrect
5/9/16

Correct
34

A
B

A
B
Improper
5/9/16

proper
35

Improper
5/9/16

Proper
36

Improper
5/9/16

Proper
37

PS

Improper
5/9/16

Proper

(a) Do not start a network with more than one


node

38

Improper
5/9/16

PF

Proper

(a) Do not end a network with more than one node

39

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