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Computing Fundamentals: Engr. Hammad Shahab B.SC Computer Systems Engineering MS Computer Systems Engineering

This document provides an overview of computing fundamentals and computer concepts. It discusses the uses of computers in various fields like education, government, and healthcare. It defines a computer and describes their basic components including input, output, storage, and communication devices. The document also explains different types of computers and users, as well as common software used for different purposes like personal finance, productivity, and large business needs.

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88 views30 pages

Computing Fundamentals: Engr. Hammad Shahab B.SC Computer Systems Engineering MS Computer Systems Engineering

This document provides an overview of computing fundamentals and computer concepts. It discusses the uses of computers in various fields like education, government, and healthcare. It defines a computer and describes their basic components including input, output, storage, and communication devices. The document also explains different types of computers and users, as well as common software used for different purposes like personal finance, productivity, and large business needs.

Uploaded by

namnsm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computing Fundamentals

Engr. Hammad Shahab


B.Sc Computer Systems Engineering
MS Computer Systems Engineering

Engr. Hammad Shahab

Text Book: Computer Concepts Peter Norton


Or
Computer Application for Bussiness
Imran Bajwa

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Computer Applications in Society

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Engineering
Defense Area
Engr.Hammad Shahab

A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?

Knowledge and understanding of


computers and their uses

Engr.Hammad Shahab

What Is a Computer?

Electronic device operating under the control


of instructions stored in its own memory

Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols

Processes data into


information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Produces and
stores results

Advantages of Using Computers

Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Disadvantages of Using Computers

Violation of Privacy
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Information processing cycle


What is the information processing cycle?

Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication

Engr.Hammad Shahab

The Components of a Computer


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Input Devices
Output Devices
System Unit
Storage Devices
Communication Devices

Engr.Hammad Shahab

1. Input Devices

Hardware used to
enter data and
instructions
Widely used input
devices:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Scanner
Digital Camera
PC Video Camera

Engr.Hammad Shahab

2. Output Devices

Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people
Common output
devices:
1.
2.
3.

Printer
Monitor
Speakers
Engr.Hammad Shahab

3. System Unit

Case containing
electronic
components used to
process data.
Motherboard or
Circuit Board.
2 Components of
Motherboard:
1.

2.

Central
Processing Unit
(CPU)
Memory
Engr.Hammad Shahab

CPU & Memory


Processor

The electronic component that interprets and


carries out the basic instructions that operate
the computer.

Memory

Consists of electronic components that store


instructions waiting to be executed and data
needed by those instructions

Engr.Hammad Shahab

4. Storage

Holds data, instructions, and information for future


use
Storage media
Physical

material on which data, instructions,


and information are stored

Storage device
Records

and retrieves items to and from


a storage medium
Examples

Hard Disks
USB Flash Drives
CD
DVD

Engr.Hammad Shahab

5. Communications device

Hardware component that enables a


computer to send and receive data,
instructions, and information

E.g.: Modem

Occurs over cables, telephone lines,


cellular radio networks (wireless), satellites
(wireless), and other transmission media.
Engr.Hammad Shahab

Networks and the Internet

A network is a collection of computers


and devices connected together.
Allow computers to share resources:
Hardware
Software
Data
Information

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Internet

Worldwide collection of networks that


connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals.
Web

Billions of documents, called Web pages, available


to anyone connected to the Internet

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Internet Uses?

Communications
Information
Shopping
Banking & Investing
Education
Entertainment
Sharing information

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Classifications of Computers

Personal Computers
Mobile Computers/Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Personal Computers
What

are the two most popular series of personal


computers?
Apple Macintosh
PC and compatibles
uses the Macintosh
use the Windows
operating system
operating system
(Mac OS)

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Mobile Computers

Notebooks/Laptops
Tablet PC
Smart Phones

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Game Consoles
Mobilecomputingdevicedesignedfor
singleplayerormultiplayervideogames

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Servers

What types of servers are there?

A server controls access to network


resources and provides centralized
storage
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest,
most powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations
Engr.Hammad Shahab

Embedded Computers
A special-purpose

computer that functions as a


component in a larger product

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Computer Usage
What are five categories of computer
users?
Home User
Small Office/Home Office User
Mobile User
Power User
Large Business User

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Home User

What software is available for a home user?


Personal Finance Management
Web access
Communications
Entertainment

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Small Office User


What

software is available for a small


office/home office (SOHO) user?

Productivity
software
Specialty
software
Web usage
E-mail

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Mobile User

Hardware

Notebook computers
PDAs
Smart phones
Tablet PCs

Software

Word processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation graphics
software

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Large Business Users

What are the needs of the large business user?

Payroll
Inventory
E-commerce
Desktop
publishing

Engr.Hammad Shahab

Power User

What are the needs of a power user?


Speed and large amounts of
storage
Types of power users
Engineers
Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists

Engr.Hammad Shahab

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