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Biorthogonal Wavelets

This document discusses biorthogonal wavelets. It begins by explaining why orthogonality is useful in signal decomposition and representation. It then introduces biorthogonal wavelets as a more flexible alternative to orthogonal wavelets that allows for compactly supported, symmetric analyzing and synthesis wavelets. Biorthogonal wavelets employ dual scaling functions and wavelets that generate biorthogonal multi-resolution analyses. This allows separate design of the analysis and synthesis processes through dual filter banks related by certain constraints. The document covers biorthogonal wavelet properties and relations, as well as special cases including orthogonal and semi-orthogonal wavelets.

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Navaneeth Payyanur
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192 views23 pages

Biorthogonal Wavelets

This document discusses biorthogonal wavelets. It begins by explaining why orthogonality is useful in signal decomposition and representation. It then introduces biorthogonal wavelets as a more flexible alternative to orthogonal wavelets that allows for compactly supported, symmetric analyzing and synthesis wavelets. Biorthogonal wavelets employ dual scaling functions and wavelets that generate biorthogonal multi-resolution analyses. This allows separate design of the analysis and synthesis processes through dual filter banks related by certain constraints. The document covers biorthogonal wavelet properties and relations, as well as special cases including orthogonal and semi-orthogonal wavelets.

Uploaded by

Navaneeth Payyanur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biorthogonal Wavelets

Ref: Rao & Bopardikar, Ch.4


Jyun-Ming Chen
Spring 2001

Why is orthogonality useful


x 1a 1 2 a 2

x 1 1

a 1 2 1

a 2 1 2

1 x, a1 / a 1 , a 1 3 / 5
2 x, a 2 / a 2 , a 2 1 / 5
Orthonormal bases further simplify the
computation

Ortho v. Non-Ortho Basis

Sum of projection vectors !?

Dual Basis
a1 2 1

a 2 1 2
a 1 , b1
a 2 , b2
a1 , b 2
a 2 , b1

x 1 1

T
T

x 1a1 2 a 2

1 x, b1 / a 1 , b1 1 / 3
2 x, b 2 / a 2 , b 2 1 / 3

1
1
0
0

Dual Bases

b1 2 / 3 1 / 3
T
b 2 1 / 3 2 / 3
T

a1-a2 and b1-b2 are


biorthogonal

Dual Basis (cont)


a 1 1 1 2

a 2 0 1 0

b1 1 0 0

b 2 1 1 0

Verify
duality !

Dual basis may generate different spaces


Here: a1-a2 and b1-b2 generate two different 2D subspaces in Euclidean
3space.

Semiorthogonal:
For dual basis that generates the same subspace

Orthogonal:
Primal and dual are the same bases

Extend to Function Space


MRA types:
orthogonal, semiorthogonal, biorthognal

Extend the concept to using biorthogonal


MRA
More flexible design
Lifting scheme: a general design method for
biorthogonal wavelets

Alternative Wavelets:
Biorthogonal Wavelets
Proposed by Cohen (1992)

Characteristics of Orthogonal Basis


Decomposition and
reconstruction filters are
FIR and have the same
length
Generally do not have
closed-form expressions
Usually not symmetric
(linear phase)
Haar wavelet is the only
real-valued wavelet that is
compactly supported,
symmetric and orthogonal

Higher-order filters (with


more coefficients) have
poor time-frequency
localization
Desired property: perfect
reconstruction FIR
symmetric (linear-phase)
filters
Not available in orthogonal
bases

The Need for Biorthogonal Basis


delegate the
responsibilities of
analysis and synthesis
to two different
functions (in the
biorthogonal case) as
opposed to a single
function in the
orthonormal case
more design freedom

compactly supported
symmetric analyzing
and synthesis wavelets
and scaling functions

Biorthogonal Scaling Functions

(t ) 2 h(n) (2t n)
n

~
(t ), (t k ) (k )

dual

~ ~
~
(t ) 2 h (n) (2t n)
n

~ k
(2 t ), (2 t n) 2 k (n)
k

~
Two sequences h(n) and h (n)serve as impulse

response of FIR filters


~
(t ) and (t ) generate
Two sets of scaling
functions
~
subspaces Vk and Vk respectively
The basis are orthogonal; the two MRAs are said
to be biorthogonal to each other

Dual MRA (cont)


Basis of

~
Vk and Vk

Translated copy of appropriate dilation of


~
(t ) and (t )

V0 V1 V2 V3
~
~ ~
~
V0 V1 V2 V3

Function approximation in
subspaces
Coarser approx f 0 (t )

a(0, n) (t n)
n

~
a (0, n) f (t ), (t n)
Finer approx f1 (t )

coefficients obtained by
~
projecting f (t ) on V0

a(1, n) (2t n)
n

~
a (1, n) 2 f (t ), (2t n)

~
~
f (t ), (2t n) a(1, n) (2t n), (2t n)
1
a(1, n)
2

Relation between Finer and


Coarser Coefficients
~
~
~
(t n) 2 h (m) (2t 2n m)

~
a (0, n) f (t ), (t n)

~
~
a (0, n) 2 h (m) f (t ), (2t 2n m)
m

~
a (1, n) 2 f (t ), (2t n)
~
a (1,2n m) 2 f (t ), (2t 2n m)
~
a (0, n) h (m)a (1,2n m)
m
~~
aa((00,,nn))
aa((11,,mm))hh((mm22nn))

n ( 2 n m )

mm

Biorthogonal Wavelets

(t )dt 0

~ (t )dt 0

~ (t )

(
t
)
and

(t k ) : k Z spans W0 Two sets of wavelets


~
W
and
W
generate subspaces k
k
~
~
(t k ) : k Z spans W0 respectively
The basis are orthogonal; the two
MRAs are said to be
Require:
biorthogonal to each other

(t ),~ (t k ) (k ) Dual

~
(t ), (t n) 0 wavelet dual scaling fns
~ (t ), (t n) 0 dual wavelet scaling fns

Two-scale relations of wavelet:


primal and dual

(t ) 2 g (n) (2t n)
n

~
~
~
(t ) 2 g (n) (2t n)
n

Function Projection
detail fn : g 0 (t ) f1 (t ) f 0 (t ) b(0, n) (t n)
n

b(0, n) g 0 (t ),~ (t n) f1 (t ) f 0 (t ),~ (t n)


f1 (t ),~ (t n) f 0 (t ),~ (t n)
f (t ),~ (t n)
1

f1 (t ) a (1, m) (2t m)

m
~
~
(t n) 2 g~ (l ) (2t 2n l )

m=2n+l

f 0 (t ) a(0, n) (t n)
n

and ~ (t ), (t n) 0

~~(m 2n)
bb((00,,nn))
a
(
1
,
m
)
g
a(1, m) g (m 2n)
mm

Function Reconstruction
f1 (t ) f 0 (t ) g 0 (t )

a (0, l ) (t l ) b(0, l ) (t l )
l

2 a (0, l ) h(m) ( 2t 2l m) 2 b(0, l ) g (m) (2t 2l m)


m

Substituting n 2l m
f1 (t ) 2 a (0, l )h(n 2l ) (2t n) 2 b(0, l ) g (n 2l ) (2t n)
n

f1 (t ) a (1, n) (2t n)
n

Hence
a (1, n) 2 a (0, l )h(n 2l ) 2 b(0, l ) g (n 2l )
l

Filter Bank

Primal and Dual MRA


(biorthogonal)
~
VN

VN
VN-1
VN-2
VN-3 WN-3

WN-2

~
WN -1

~
VN -1

WN-1

~
VN -2

~
WN -2

~
~
VN -3 WN -3

~~ ~~
VVkk W
Wkk VVkk W
Wkk

Filter Relations
(between primal and dual)
~
(t ), (t n) (n)
~
~
4 h( p)h ( q ) (2t p ), (2t 2n q )
p

~
2 h( p)h ( q ) ( p 2n q )
~
2 h ( m 2 n ) h ( m )
m

~~
((nn))
hh((mm22nn))hh((mm))

22
mm

Similarly,
(t ),~ (t n) 0

((nn))
~
~
gg((mm22nn))gg((mm))

22
mm

only term left :


p 2n q 0
p 2n q

Filter Relations (cont)


(t ),~ (t n) 0
~
4 h( p) g~ (q ) (2t p ), (2t 2n q )
p

2 h( p) g~ (q ) ( p 2n q ) 2 h(m 2n) g~ (m)


p

~~(m) 0
h
(
m

2
n
)
g

h ( m 2n) g ( m) 0
mm

Similarly,
~
(t ), (t n) 0

~~

hh((mm22nn))gg((mm))00
mm

Design of Biorthogonal Wavelets


because there is quite a bit of freedom in
designing the biorthogonal wavelets, there
are no set steps in the design procedure.
Lifting (Sweldens 94): a scheme for customdesign biorthogonal wavelets

Special Cases:
orthogonal and semiorthogonal
Common property:

VN

Vk Wk Vk 1 Vk Wk

VN-1

Differences:
if orthogonal: scaling
functions (and wavelets) of
the same level are
orthogonal to each other
If semiorthogonal, wavelets
of different levels are
orthogonal (from nested
space)

WN-1
WN-2

VN-2
VN-3 WN-3

~
~
Vk Wk and Wk Wk
Dual and
primal are the
same

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