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Artificial Intelligence
Lecture Module 1
Contents
Artificial Intelligence
Characterstics of AI Program
Categories of System
Turing Test
Foundations of AI
Views of AI Goals
Components of AI Programs
Sub-areas of AI
Applications
Latest Perception of AI
Prof Saroj Kaushik
Artificial Intelligence
What is Intelligence?
reason
plan
solve problems
think abstractly
comprehend ideas and language and
learn
Prof Saroj Kaushik
Characteristics of AI
systems
Contd..
Understanding of AI
10
11
Categories of AI System
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13
14
15
16
?
AI system
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ELIZA
18
19
20
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Foundations of AI
Foundation of AI is based on
Mathematics
Neuroscience
Control Theory
Linguistics
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Foundations - Mathematics
Uncertainty
Probability theory
Modal and Temporal logics
Prof Saroj Kaushik
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Foundations - Neuroscience
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Water-flow
thermostat
regulator,
steam
engine
governor,
Build
systems
that
transition
from
initial
state to goal state with minimum energy
In 1950, control theory could only describe
linear systems and AI largely rose as a
response to this shortcoming
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Foundations - Linguistics
26
Cognitive Science
27
Cool Stuff in AI
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Useful Stuff
Medical Diagnosis
Fraud Detection
Object Identification
Space Shuttle Scheduling
Information Retrieval .
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AI Techniques
Rule-based
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Genetic Algorithms
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Components of AI
Program
AI techniques must be independent of
the problem domain as far as possible.
AI program should have
knowledge base
navigational capability
inferencing
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Knowledge Base
proper structuring
It may be incomplete and imprecise
It may keep on changing (dynamic)
Prof Saroj Kaushik
32
Navigational Capability
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Inferencing
Inferencing requires
34
Sub-areas of AI
Knowledge representation
Theorem proving
Game playing
Vommon sense reasoning dealing with
uncertainty and decision making
Learning models, inference techniques, pattern
recognition, search and matching etc.
Logic (fuzzy, temporal, modal) in AI
Planning and scheduling
Prof Saroj Kaushik
35
Sub-areas of AI Contd..
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Applications
37
Latest Perception of AI
Action
Reasoning
Prof Saroj Kaushik
38
Recent AI
Heavy use of
probability theory
decision theory
statistics
logic (fuzzy, modal, temporal)
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