024 - Ceragon - 802.1q - Presentation v3.2

Introduction to 802.
1 P/Q
Proprietary and Confidential
Prerequisites
Prior to taking this module, trainee should be familiar with the

following:
Ethernet Topologies
OSI 7 Layers model
Agenda
Agenda
What is VLAN?
A Layer 2 Protocol which enables enhanced

traffic maneuvers :
Prioritization
Filtering
Provisioning
Mapping (e.g. - ATM to/from ETH)
What is VLAN?
Regular ETH networks forward broadcast frames to all endpoints
What is VLAN?
VLAN networks forward broadcast frames only to pre-defined ports
(Profile Membership)
VLAN 1
Switch ports
VLAN 547
Advantages of VLAN
Breaking large networks into smaller parts (Formation of virtual workgroups)

Simplified Administration (no need for re-cabling when user moves)
Improving Broadcast & Multicast traffic utilization
Mapping expensive backbones (ATM) to simpler & cheaper ETH backbones
Security establishing tunnels / trunks through the network for dedicated
users (traffic between VLANs is restricted).
Before we start explaining bit by bit, what is VLAN

and how does it work, let us review first the
structure of a regular ETH frame
Untagged Ethernet Frame
FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver
Preamble +
SFD
8 Bytes
DA
6 Bytes
SA
Length / Type DATA + PAD
6 Bytes
2 Bytes
46 - 1500 Bytes
Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes
Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)
FCS
4 Bytes
(32-bit
CRC)
Tagged Ethernet Frame

Additional information is inserted
Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes
4 Bytes
Preamble + SFD
DA
SA
VLAN TAG
TPID =
0x8100
10
DATA + PAD
TCI
P-TAG
TPID = Tag protocol ID
TCI = Tag Control Information
CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator
Length / Type
3 Bit
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 Bit
FCS
Tagging a Frame
VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is

4096:
2^12 = 4096
VID 0 = reserved
VID 4090-4096 = reserved (dedicated for IP-10s internal purposes such as MNG etc.)
VID 1 = default
After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over
ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)
11
TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type

TPID in tagged frames in always set to
0x8100
It is important that you understand the
meaning and usage of this parameter
Later when we discuss QoS, we shall
demonstrate how & why the system
audits this parameter
Protocol type
Value
Tagged Frame
0x8100
ARP
0x0806
Q-in-Q (CISCO)
0x8100
Q-in-Q (other
vendors)
Q-in-Q (other
vendors)
Q-in-Q (other
vendors)
0x9200
0x8035
IP
0x0800
IPv6
0x86DD
MPLS
0x9100
RARP
PPPoE
12
0x88A8
0x8863/0x886
4
0x8847/0x884
8
IS-IS
0x8000
LACP
0x8809
802.1x
0x888E
VLAN Membership: By Port

Every switch port is associated with specific VLAN membership
PRO easy configured
CON no user mobility
13
VLAN 9
VLAN 100
VLAN 1
VLAN 333
VLAN 5
VLAN 22
For example ports 1,2 & # can see each other but cannot PING
other ports (different VLAN membership)
VLAN Membership: By MAC

PRO user mobility, no
reconfiguration when PC
moves
CON needs to be assigned
initially, not an easy task
with thousands of
endpoints
00:20:8f:40:15:31
00:20:8f:40:15:ef
00:20:8f:40:15:30
VLAN 44
00:33:ef:38:01:23
00:33:ef:38:01:a0
00:33:ef:38:01:25
VLAN 5
14
VLAN Membership: By Subnet (L3 VLAN)

Membership is based on the Layer 3 header
No process of IP address is done
Main disadvantage longer overall throughput
10.10.10.12
10.10.10.122
10.10.10.13
VLAN 44
11.1.1.10.12
11.1.1.10
11.1.1.10.23
VLAN 5
15
Port Types
Access Port a port which is not aware of VLANs
(Cannot tag outgoing frames or un-tag incoming frames)
VLAN aware
A
Device unaware of VLANs
transmits untagged
(regular) ETH frames
16
Switch
Switch tags the ingress

frames with VID according
to specific Tagging
mechanism
Port Types
Trunk Port a port which is aware of VLANs
(Can tag or un-tag incoming frames)
VLAN aware
A
Device unaware of VLANs
transmits untagged
(regular) ETH frames
Switch
Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to

specific Tagging mechanism
Switch un-tags frames with VID received from network
and delivers untagged frames to Access ports
17
Port Types
Trunk Port can carry tagged frames with different VIDs.
This requires Port Membership configuration.
VLAN aware
Switch
T
A
This port is not a member of the
Trunk
port membership list, hence,
traffic is
discarded
18
Q-in-Q
Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted
Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes
Preamble +
SFD
DA
TPID =
0x88A8
P-TAG
3 Bit
19
CF
I
1 Bit
SA
4 Bytes
4 Bytes
SVLAN
CVLAN
TCI
Length /
Type
TPID =
0x8100
VLAN
12ID
Bit
DATA +
PAD
FCS
TCI
P-TAG
CFI
3 Bit
1 Bit
VLAN
IDBit
12
Port Types
Q-in-Q (A.K.A. Double TaggingVLAN Encapsulation)
+
VLAN
CN
aware Switch
PN
Enhanced security not exposing original VID

Improved flexibility of VID in the network
(Ingress VID was already assigned in the network)
20
Introduction to QoS / CoS
21
Mapping ATM QoS over ETH CoS (RFC 1483)

We can extend the benefits of ATM QoS into Ethernet LANs to guarantee Ethernet priorities
across the ATM backbone. A L2 switch or L3 router reads incoming 802.1p or IP ToS priority
bits, and classifies traffic accordingly.
To match the priority level with the appropriate ATM service class and other parameters, the
switch then consults a mapping table with pre-defined settings.
P-Tag 6
CBR
P-Tag 4
VBR
P-Tag 0
UBR
Hub
Site
FE/GE
GE
RNC
GE
n x T1/E1
Tail site
22
FibeAir
IP-10
IP-10
STM1/
OC3
ATM
Router
MPLS
Router
Core
Site
BSC/MSC
Mapping ETH to MPLS and vice versa

IP-10s L2 switch can take part in the process of transporting
services through MPLS core
Frames/services are mapped to MPLS FECs according to:

VLAN ID mapped to MPLS EXP bits
VLAN P-Bit mapped to MPLS EXP bits
Hub
Site
FE/GE
n x T1/E1
Tail site
GE
RNC
GE
FibeAir
IP-10
IP-10
STM1/
OC3
STM1/
OC3
MPLS
Router
MPLS
Router
Core
Site
23
BSC/MSC
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)

IEEE Recommendation
The following table shows
IEEE definition of traffic
classes
Ingress
P-Tags
Number of Available Traffic Classes

1
0
(default)
It shows the ingress options

for P-Tag VS. egress P-tag
The number of egress

priorities (classes) depend
on the number of assigned
queues
Egress P-Tag
24
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)

The default priority used for transmission by end stations is 0
With a single queue, there are no choices. All traffic is Best Effort
Multiple queues are needed to isolate Network Control from the user data traffic
25
Acronyms
26
ETH Ethernet
NIC Network Internet Card
VID Vlan ID
VLAN Virtual LAN
P-TAG Priority Tag, Priority Bits
CFI Canonical Format Indicator
TPID Tag Protocol Identifier
FCS Frame Check Sequence
DA Destination Address
SA Source Address
QoS Quality of Service
Associated IEEE Standards
IEEE 802.3
: Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1518 bytes)
IEEE 802.3ac
: Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1522 bytes)
IEEE 802.1 d : MAC Bridge first introduced the concept of

Filtering Services in a bridged local network
IEEE 802.1 q
: VLAN Tagging
IEEE 802.1 p
: Priority Tagging / Mapping
IEEE 802.1ag : OAM (CFM)
27
Thank You !
[email protected]
28

024 - Ceragon - 802.1q - Presentation v3.2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

024 - Ceragon - 802.1q - Presentation v3.2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

024 - Ceragon - 802.1q - Presentation v3.2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction to 802.

Proprietary and Confidential

Prior to taking this module, trainee should be familiar with the

Proprietary and Confidential

Proprietary and Confidential

A Layer 2 Protocol which enables enhanced

Proprietary and Confidential

Proprietary and Confidential

Proprietary and Confidential

Breaking large networks into smaller parts (Formation of virtual workgroups)

Proprietary and Confidential

Before we start explaining bit by bit, what is VLAN

Proprietary and Confidential

Untagged Ethernet Frame

FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver

Length / Type DATA + PAD

Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes

Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Proprietary and Confidential

Tagged Ethernet Frame

Proprietary and Confidential

VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is

After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

Proprietary and Confidential

TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type

Proprietary and Confidential

VLAN Membership: By Port

Proprietary and Confidential

VLAN Membership: By MAC

Proprietary and Confidential

VLAN Membership: By Subnet (L3 VLAN)

Proprietary and Confidential

Switch tags the ingress

Proprietary and Confidential

Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to

Proprietary and Confidential

Proprietary and Confidential

Enhanced security not exposing original VID

Proprietary and Confidential

Introduction to QoS / CoS

Mapping ATM QoS over ETH CoS (RFC 1483)

Proprietary and Confidential

Mapping ETH to MPLS and vice versa

Frames/services are mapped to MPLS FECs according to:

Proprietary and Confidential

VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)

Number of Available Traffic Classes

It shows the ingress options

The number of egress

Proprietary and Confidential

VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)

Proprietary and Confidential

Proprietary and Confidential

Associated IEEE Standards

: Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1518 bytes)

: Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1522 bytes)

IEEE 802.1 d : MAC Bridge first introduced the concept of

: Priority Tagging / Mapping

IEEE 802.1ag : OAM (CFM)