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    Thin Aerofoil Theory Notes

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    sasiaero
    1. The document describes numerical panel methods for solving aerodynamic flows, including the vortex panel method. 2. It then focuses on applying a thin airfoil theory to calculate lift on an airfoil. It derives equations for circulation around the airfoil and for lift coefficient as a function of angle of attack. 3. The analysis shows that for a symmetric airfoil, the lift coefficient is Cl=2πα, with a lift slope of 2π, and the center of pressure and aerodynamic center are both located at the quarter chord point.

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    Thin Aerofoil Theory Notes

    Uploaded by

    sasiaero
    472 views25 pages
    1. The document describes numerical panel methods for solving aerodynamic flows, including the vortex panel method. 2. It then focuses on applying a thin airfoil theory to calculate lift on an airfoil. It derives equations for circulation around the airfoil and for lift coefficient as a function of angle of attack. 3. The analysis shows that for a symmetric airfoil, the lift coefficient is Cl=2πα, with a lift slope of 2π, and the center of pressure and aerodynamic center are both located at the quarter chord point.

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    Thin Aerofoil Theory notes

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    1. The document describes numerical panel methods for solving aerodynamic flows, including the vortex panel method. 2. It then focuses on applying a thin airfoil theory to calculate lift on an airfoil. It derives equations for circulation around the airfoil and for lift coefficient as a function of angle of attack. 3. The analysis shows that for a symmetric airfoil, the lift coefficient is Cl=2πα, with a lift slope of 2π, and the center of pressure and aerodynamic center are both located at the quarter chord point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    472 views25 pages

    Thin Aerofoil Theory Notes

    Uploaded by

    sasiaero
    1. The document describes numerical panel methods for solving aerodynamic flows, including the vortex panel method. 2. It then focuses on applying a thin airfoil theory to calculate lift on an airfoil. It derives equations for circulation around the airfoil and for lift coefficient as a function of angle of attack. 3. The analysis shows that for a symmetric airfoil, the lift coefficient is Cl=2πα, with a lift slope of 2π, and the center of pressure and aerodynamic center are both located at the quarter chord point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    To find correct combination of elementry flows over

    a specified body
    1. Source panel method
    2. Vortex panel method
    . It become standard aerodynamics tool in industry
    and a research laboratories.
    . These are the numerical method appropriate for
    solutions for a computers.
    * limitation to non-lifting flows

    Source sheet:

    Vortex filament:

    Vortex sheet:

    Vortex sheet over the airfoil


    surface:

    Vortex sheet over the thin airfoil surface:

    ds
    dV
    2r

    Thin Airfoil theory:


    Placement of the vortex sheet for thin airfoil analysis.

    Determination of the component of freestream velocity normal to


    the camber line.

    Thin Airfoil theory:


    Our purpose is to calculate the variation of (s) such
    that the camber line becomes a streamline of the flow
    and such that the Kutta condition is satisfied at the
    trailing edge; that is, (TE) = 0.
    Once we have found the particular (s) that satisfies
    these conditions, then the total circulation around
    the airfoil is found by integrating (s) from the
    leading edge to the trailing edge.
    In turn, the lift is calculated from via the KuttaJoukowski theorem.

    The velocity at any point in the flow is the sum of


    the of the uniform freestream velocity and the
    velocity induced by the vortex sheet.
    Let V,n be the component of the freestream
    velocity normal to the camber line.

    For a thin airfoil at small angle of attack, both are


    small values. Using the approximation that for
    small , where , where is in radians, Equation
    reduces to


    Calculation of the induced velocity at the chord
    line.

    w x

    d
    2 x

    c d
    dz
    V
    0
    0 2 x
    dx

    1 c d
    dz

    0
    2
    x
    dx

    In this section, we treat the case of a symmetric airfoil. As state in section, a symmetric
    airfoil has no camber; the camber line is coincident with the chord line.
    Hence, for this case, dz/d = 0, and Equation becomes

    The help deal with the integral in Equations and,


    let us transform into via the following
    transformation:

    Since x is a fixed point in Equation and, it


    corresponds to a particular value of , namely, 0,
    such that

    c
    sin d
    2

    Substituting Equations into, and noting that the limits of integration


    becomes at the leading edge (where =0) and = at the trailing edge
    (where =c), we obtain

    1 sin d
    V

    0
    2 cos cos 0

    2V

    1 cos
    sin

    1 sin d V 1 cos d

    2 0 cos cos 0
    0 cos cos 0


    V 1 cos d V
    d
    cos d

    0 cos cos 0
    0 cos cos 0 0 cos cos 0
    V

    0 V

    1 sin d
    V

    0
    2
    cos cos 0

    sin n0
    cos nd

    cos cos 0
    sin 0

    which is identical to equation. Hence, we have shown that Equation is indeed the
    solution to Equation. Also, note that at the trailing edge, where

    Equation yields

    0
    2V
    0

    which is an indeterminate from. However, using LHospitals rule on Equation,

    sin
    2V
    0
    cos

    Thus, Equation also satisfies the Kutta condition.

    We are now in a position to calculate the lift coefficient for a thin, symmetric airfoil.
    The total circulation around the airfoil is
    c

    d
    0

    c
    sin d
    2 0

    Using Equation and, equation transforms to


    Substituting Equation into, we obtain

    2V

    cV 1 cos d cV
    0

    1 cos

    Substituting Equation into the Kutta-Joukowski theorem, we find that the lift per unit span is

    L' V c V2
    c V2
    c1
    1
    V2 c 1
    2

    c l 2

    S c 1
    L'
    c

    Substituting
    Equation into, we have
    l
    qs

    dc l
    Lift slop=
    2
    d

    sin

    Calculation of moments about leading edge:

    M 'LE dL V d
    Transforming Equation via Equations and, and performing the integration,
    we obtain (the details are left):

    '
    LE

    q c
    2
    2

    The moment coefficient is

    c m ,le

    q Sc
    '
    LE

    where S = c(1).

    Hence,

    c m ,le

    qc
    2
    '
    LE
    2

    However, from Equation,


    Combining equation and, we obtain

    c m ,le

    cl

    cl

    2

    From Equation, the moment coefficient about the quarter-chord point is


    l
    m ,c /4
    m ,le

    Combining Equation and, we have

    c m ,c /4 0

    Important result:
    Theoretical results for a symmetric
    airfoil:
    Cl =2.
    Lift slope = 2.
    The center of pressure and the
    aerodynamic center are both located
    at the quarter-chord point.

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