PROJECT

ON
INFRARED BASED INDUSTRIAL
GATE ENTRY/EXITS
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SUBMITED BY
SHILPI SABHIKHI
SUMIT KUMAR
NIRVESH KUMAR
INTRODUCTION
 This project involves gate entry
management using infrared.
 “Near infrared” light is closest in wavelength
to visible light and “Far infrared” is closer to
the microwave region of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
 Far infrared detector are sensitive to
environmental changes-such as a person
moving in the field of view.
 Since heat is a form of Infrared light, far
infrared detector are sensitive to
environmental changes-such as a person
moving in the field of view.
OPERATION
 This system is based on transmission and reception
of IR.
IR sensors are sensitive to person moving in the field
of view.
For securing a region IR is send in that region from one
end and it is received on the other end.
When a person enter in that region it cut the infrared,
so at that moment receiver doesn’t detect any signal
and absence of IR is sensed by receiver which in turn
blow an alarm.
The transmitter and receiver are connected to the main
device
BLOCK DIAGRAM
OF PROJECT
 Power
LCD
supply DISPLAY

RELAY

MICROCONTROLLER BUZZER

I.R TRANSMITTER I.R TRANSMITTER

I.R RECEIVER I.R RECEIVER

OPERATION
 This system is based on transmission and reception
of IR.
IR sensors are sensitive to person moving in the field
of view.
For securing a region IR is send in that region from one
end and it is received on the other end.
When a person enter in that region it cut the infrared,
so at that moment receiver doesn’t detect any signal
and absence of IR is sensed by receiver which in turn
blow an alarm.
The transmitter and receiver are connected to the main
device
CONTENTS OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
 I.R. TRANSMITTER &
RECEIVER.
 POWER SUPPLY
 RELAY
LCD DISPLAY
BUZZER
D.C. MOTOR
MICROCONTROLLER
1. IR Transmitter:
 I.R transmitter is used to transmit the Infrared.
 This infrared transmitter sends 68 KHz carrier
under the control of micro controller .
 A 555 timer is used to give 68 KHz frequency
signal to infrared LED.

2. IR Receiver:
 This is also called “EYE”. This EYE is widely
used in T.V. receiver. It is used to detect the IR
transmission.
POWER SUPPLY
 The power supply consist of a 9-0-9 step down
transformer that convert 220 volts into 18 volt.

 Transformer is connected to the bridge rectifier.

 A bridge rectifier is a device that converts AC from a

transformer into pulses of DC voltage.

The DC voltage is then pass through the 1000µF

capacitor.

 The capacitor is connected to the voltage regulator

LM7805.

The regulated D.C. supply pass through the capacitor

to remove spikes from the pulsating voltage.
RELAY SECTION
 RELAY is an isolator and an
electrical switch.
 The relay used is 12V-5A.
 To control the operation of
relay an NPN transistor
BC547 has been used.
 Whenever high signal comes
at the base of NPN transistor
it is switched on and
whenever low arrives it is
switched off.
 This section also consists of
pull up & pull down
resistance
LCD DISPLAY
LCD is display screen of 16x2 which is used in this project.
It has having 16 pin .
Pin no.1, pin no.16 and pin no.5 is connected to ground.
Pin no.2 and pin no.15 is connected to supply of +5v.
Pin no.4 and pin no.6 are RS and EN respectively.
When something is to be displayed on LCD then RS should
be 1
When command is generated for LCD then RS should be 0.
Pin no. 7 to 14 are connected with the microcontroller these
pin are data lines. Data to be written are sent via these data
lines (D0-D7)
Pin no.3 is used for contrast control through two resistances.
BUZZER SECTION
 This section includes a buzzer as well as a resistance to
limit the current.
 The buzzer operates in the range of 20-25mA.
 Buzzer is an indicating device which is used for
checking the software condition and also used for
indicating any specific condition.
 The buzzer is connected to pin no. 15 of
microcontroller.
 Microcontroller
A Microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip, or a
single-chip computer.
Micro suggests that the device is small, and controller
tells you that the device might be used to control
objects, processes, or events.
Another term to describe a microcontroller is
embedded controller, because the microcontroller and
its support circuits are often built into, or embedded
in, the devices they control.
8051 Features
1. Operating frequency is 12MHz
2. Separate 64K program and data memory
3. Multiply and divide instructions are available.
4. Boolean processor (operates on single bit)
5. 32 I/O lines can be used as four 8-bit ports (P0-P3) or 32 I/O
lines.
6. Two 16-bit Timers/Counters.
7. Full duplex serial data receiver/transmitter.
8. 4K bytes ROM
9. 128 bytes RAM
10.Two external interrupts through INTO and INT1 pins
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Comparison of the 8051 Family Members

Feature 8051 8052 8031

ROM (program space in bytes) 4K 8K 0K

RAM (bytes) 128 256 128

Timers 2 3 2

I/O pins 32 32 32

Serial port 1 1 1

Interrupt sources 6 8 6
 8051 Pinouts
30pF VCC (40) P0.7 AD7(32)
XTL1 (19) P0.6 AD6(33)
P0.5 AD5(34) Port 0
XTL2 (18) P0.4 AD4(35)
30pF P0.3 AD3(36)
P0.2 AD2(37)
P0.1 AD1(38)
P0.0 AD0(39)
(29)
(30)
PSEN
ALE 8051 P1.7
P1.6
(8)
(7) Port 1
(31) EA P1.5 (6)
(9) RST P1.4 (5)
P1.3 (4)
P1.2 (3)
P1.1 (2)
RD(17) P3.7 P1.0 (1)
WR(16) P3.6 P2.7 A15(28)
Port 3 T1(15) P3.5 P2.6 A14(27) Port 2
T0(14) P3.4 P2.5 A13(26)
P2.4 A12(25)
INT1(13) P3.3
P2.3 A11(24)
INT0(12) P3.2 P2.2 A10(23)
TXD(11) P3.1 P2.1 A9(22)
RXD(10) P3.0 VSS(20) P2.0 A8(21)
 PIN DESCRIPTION OF THE 8051
Pin no 1 to 8 : port 1 It can be used as i/o no
external pull up resistors are required.
RST （ pin 9 ）： reset
It is an input pin and is active
high （ normally low ） . The high pulse must
be high at least 2 machine cycles.
It is a power-on reset.
Upon applying a high pulse to RST, the
microcontroller will reset and all values in
registers will be lost.
Power-On RESET Circuit
Vcc

10 uF 31
EA/VPP
30 pF X1
19
11.0592 MHz
8.2 K
X2
18
30 pF
9 RST
Pin no 10 - pin no 17 are duel functions
It is used as Bi-directional I/O port .
P3 Bit Function Pin

P3.0 RxD 10
P3.1 TxD 11
P3.2 INT0 12
P3.3 INT1 13
P3.4 T0 14
P3.5 T1 15
P3.6 WR 16
P3.7 RD 17
Pin no 18 19 : this pins are provided to connecting
a crystal to form an oscillator
To use frequency source other than crys.osc.it is
connected XTAL1
with XTAL2 open
Maximum Crystal frequency is 16 MHz
C2
XTAL2
30pF

C1
XTAL1
30pF

GND
Pin 20 : Ground pin
Pin 21 to 28 : Port 2 it is used as I/O port
alternate use as high order address bus when
external memory is interfaced to 8051
Pin 29 : PSEN : It is O/P pin it is connected to
OE pin of ROM
Pin no. 30 : ALE / PROG : It is an O/P pin it is
used for demultiplex address and data bus it is
I/P during flash programming.
Pin 31 : EA/VPP : 8051 family members such as 8751
89c51 come with on chip ROM in such a cases EA pin
is connected to VCC.
VPP : It is connected to 12 V during flash
programming.
Pin 32 to Pin 39 Port 0 : It is a I/O port it can be used
as bi-directional low order address and data bus for
external memory.
Vcc （ pin 40 ）： Vcc provides supply voltage to the
chip. The voltage source is +5V.
CPU Registers
 Accumulator : 8 bit register hold results of
many instructions.
Most versatile register. It is also used in data
transfers between 8051 and any external
memory.

 B Register: It is 8 bit register used with A

register for multiplication and division
operations.
DESCRITION OF AT89S52
The AT89S52 is a low-voltage, high-performance
CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-
system programmable Flash memory.
the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller
which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications .
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-
density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard 80C51
instruction set and pinout .
1.Software Reuirements:
 Assembler of ATMEL microcontroller series
 PADS for PCB designing

2. Hardware requirements:
 Microcontroller AT89S52
 LM7805 Regulator
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Transistors
 Connectors
Crystal oscillator
A crystal oscillator is an
electronic circuit that uses the
mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of
piezoelectric material to create
an electrical signal with a very
precise frequency.
This frequency is commonly
used to keep track of time (as in
wristwatches), to provide a
stable clock signal for digital
integrated circuits.
It also stabilize frequencies for
radio transmitters/receivers .
CAPACITOR
A capacitor is a passive
electrical component that
can store energy in the
electric field .
Capacitors are often used
in electric and electronic
circuits as energy-storage
devices.
They can also be used to
differentiate between
high-frequency and
low-frequency signals.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
 The LM78XX series of three
terminal positive regulators are
available with several fixed
output voltages, making them
useful in a wide range of
applications.
 Each type employs internal
current limiting, thermal shut
down and safe operating area
protection.
 If adequate heat sinking is
provided, they can deliver over
1A output current.
 These devices can be used with
external components to obtain
adjustable voltages and currents.
APPLICATIONS OF PROJECT
 Securing a region: It senses any human entering
in the region.

 Counting of person entering: It also provides the

function of counting the head cutting the infrared.
So it can determine the person going out and IN in
an office.

 Paper mill: This is also used in paper mill. It is

used to detect the continuity of paper. When paper
is cut it sense and indicate the cut of paper.

 Robotics: IR sensors are widely used in Robotics.

CONCLUSION

Microcontroller based request management system

forms a vital link in the management chain. It can be
widely implemented in the industries, hotels, hospitals,
offices, etc. where there is a need to continuously
monitor the requests and to meet them as soon as
possible.

A display unit is used to display the room number from

which the request has arrived, and a buzzer produces an
alarming sound to catch the attention of the person at
the reception.
REFERENCE
 ROBERT L. BOYLSTED AND LOUIS NASHELSKY

 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUIT

THEORY,PEARSON EDU.ASIA 2002

 RAMAKANT A.GAYAKWAD. OP AMPS AND LINEAR

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS,PEARSON EDU 2003

 M. MORRIS MANO,DIGITAL LOGIC AND COMPUTER

DESIGN, PRENTICE HALL OF INDIA

 A.K.SAWNEY,A COURSE IN ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONIC MEASURMENTS , DHANPAT RAI AND
CO.