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ME-102 Engineering Graphics

This document is a lecture on computer aided design (CAD). It discusses how computers have become integrated into the design process, helping to conceptualize, store, iterate, and prototype designs. It describes different CAD modeling techniques like primitive modeling, constructive solid geometry, and constraint-based modeling. It also discusses computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer aided engineering (CAE). The lecture aims to introduce students to how computers are used for design and manufacturing.

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111 views23 pages

ME-102 Engineering Graphics

This document is a lecture on computer aided design (CAD). It discusses how computers have become integrated into the design process, helping to conceptualize, store, iterate, and prototype designs. It describes different CAD modeling techniques like primitive modeling, constructive solid geometry, and constraint-based modeling. It also discusses computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer aided engineering (CAE). The lecture aims to introduce students to how computers are used for design and manufacturing.

Uploaded by

salmanshahidkhan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-102 Engineering Graphics

Lecture # 15
Introduction to Computer Aided Design

By: Muhammad Jawad Qarni


Research Associate

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering


Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 1


Design Process Revisited
Design is an activity that facilitates the realization of new
products and processes through which technology satisfies the
needs and aspirations of the society.

Engineering
Design Cycle

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 2 of 28


Computer Aided Design
As it stands a computer has been rendered a major share of
the design process.

1. Conceptualization:
2. Search, learning and intelligence
3. Information storage and retrieval
4. Analytical power
5. Design iteration
6. Prototyping

Computers help in manifesting the qualitative


conception of a design form a human has of a
product.

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 3 of 28


Computers in Design and Mfg.
 Computers are integrated with humans in design and
manufacture, and provide the scope for automation
wherever needed.

 Computer aided design and drafting (CADD).


 Computer aided manufacturing (CAM).
 Computer aided engineering (CAE)
 Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM).
 Computer aided process planning (CAPP).
 Computer numeric control (CNC).
 Flexible manufacturing system (FMS).
 Material requirement planning (MRP).

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 4 of 28


Role of Computers in Graphics
 Computer graphics is the use of computers to define,
store, manipulate, interrogate and present pictorial
output.

 Computer graphics involves the creation of two and


three dimensional models, shading and rendering to
bring in realism to the object.

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 5 of 28


Role of Computers in Graphics

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 6 of 28


3D CAD Modeling
 3D solid modeling is rapidly emerging area of CAD,
revolutionizing the way industry integrates computers
into the design process.

 Unlike 2D model, 3D solid model is more like a real


object, not just a drawing of the object.

 A solid model consists of volumetric information, i.e.


what is on the inside of the 3D model, as well as
information about the surface of an object.

 The model should be ‘Water-tight’, there should be no


gaps b/w surfaces.

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 7 of 28


Primitive Modeling
 Many objects can be described mathematically using
basic geometric forms.
 A primitive modeler uses only a limited set of
geometric primitives, therefore only certain
topologies can be created.
 Joining primitives together allows the creation of
more complex objects.

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 8 of 28


Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
 CSGmodeling allows more flexibility than primitive
modeling technique.

 It uses primitives but perform boolean operations


over it.

Three types of boolean operations


 Union
 Difference
 Intersection

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 9 of 28


Boolean Operations

A-B
AUB

AnB

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 10 of 28


CSG Modeling (Contd…)

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 11 of 28


Constraint based modeling
 Model is defined as a series of modifiable features.

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 12 of 28


Features from Sweeping
 Many features in amodel are created by the use of
sweeping operations.

 Profile is drawn which is swept along a path.

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 13 of 28


Revolving a sweep section

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 14 of 28


Example of Feature Operation

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 15 of 28


Computer Aided Design
 Profile is extruded from a 2D sketch

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 16 of 28


Constraint in Sketch

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 17 of 28


Advance sweep techniques
 A path based sweep moves along a predefined curved
path.
 Blend sweep interpolates b/w multiple profiles

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 18 of 28


Sweep Distance & Direction
A. Finite depth
B. Through all
C. Through next
D. Up to Surface

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 19 of 28


Standard File Types
 IGES (International graphics exchange system)
 VDA-FS
 DXF
 Parasolid XT
 STEP etc

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 20 of 28


Computer Aided Manufacturing
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of
computer-based software tools that assist engineers
and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping
product components.

CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to


manufacture physical models using computer-aided
design (CAD) programs.

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 21 of 28


Computer Aided Engineering

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 22 of 28


Best of Luck for
exams…

M. Jawad Qarni, FME, GIK Institute 23 of 28

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