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    Volumetric Analysis Precautions

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    arun231187
    Volumetric analysis involves titrating a solution of known volume and concentration with a solution in a burette until the reaction is complete. Key terms include titration, standard solutions, and non-standard solutions. Standard solutions must be precisely known, stable, soluble, and produce rapid reactions. Equipment for titration includes burettes, volumetric flasks, pipettes, funnels, and indicators. Multiple accurate titrations are performed to minimize error, and a rough titration first determines the approximate endpoint. Calculations use the titration volume and concentrations to determine an unknown concentration according to the balanced reaction equation.

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    Volumetric Analysis Precautions

    Uploaded by

    arun231187
    852 views25 pages
    Volumetric analysis involves titrating a solution of known volume and concentration with a solution in a burette until the reaction is complete. Key terms include titration, standard solutions, and non-standard solutions. Standard solutions must be precisely known, stable, soluble, and produce rapid reactions. Equipment for titration includes burettes, volumetric flasks, pipettes, funnels, and indicators. Multiple accurate titrations are performed to minimize error, and a rough titration first determines the approximate endpoint. Calculations use the titration volume and concentrations to determine an unknown concentration according to the balanced reaction equation.

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    Volumetric Analysis Precautions

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    Volumetric analysis involves titrating a solution of known volume and concentration with a solution in a burette until the reaction is complete. Key terms include titration, standard solutions, and non-standard solutions. Standard solutions must be precisely known, stable, soluble, and produce rapid reactions. Equipment for titration includes burettes, volumetric flasks, pipettes, funnels, and indicators. Multiple accurate titrations are performed to minimize error, and a rough titration first determines the approximate endpoint. Calculations use the titration volume and concentrations to determine an unknown concentration according to the balanced reaction equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    852 views25 pages

    Volumetric Analysis Precautions

    Uploaded by

    arun231187
    Volumetric analysis involves titrating a solution of known volume and concentration with a solution in a burette until the reaction is complete. Key terms include titration, standard solutions, and non-standard solutions. Standard solutions must be precisely known, stable, soluble, and produce rapid reactions. Equipment for titration includes burettes, volumetric flasks, pipettes, funnels, and indicators. Multiple accurate titrations are performed to minimize error, and a rough titration first determines the approximate endpoint. Calculations use the titration volume and concentrations to determine an unknown concentration according to the balanced reaction equation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    4.

    3 Volumetric analysis
    Learning outcomes
    To understand the apparatus used in
    volumetric analysis and correct
    titrimetric procedure.

    Students should know


    the following key
    words:
    Volumetric analysis,titration,standard
    and non standard solutions

    Volumetric analysis
    A titration is a lab procedure where a
    measured volume of one solution
    (burette) is added to a known volume
    (flask) of another solution until the
    reaction is complete

    Standard solutions

    A standard is a solution of precisely known


    concentration
    It must be available in a highly pure state
    It must be stable in air
    It must dissolve easily in water
    It should have a fairly high relative
    molecular wt
    It should under go a complete and rapid
    reaction

    Non standard solutions


    Sodium

    hydroxide absorbs carbon


    dioxide from atmosphere
    HCl can produce chlorine gas in
    reactions and liberate hydrogen
    when exposed to air
    Nitric acid can act as an oxidising
    agent interfering with reactions
    Sulphuric acid absorbs water form
    the air

    Na2CO3
    1 mole

    2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2


    2 moles
    2 moles
    1 mole
    1
    mole

    EQUIPMEN
    T

    Apparatus used
    Burette
    Volumetric
    Beaker
    Pipette
    Funnel
    Indicator
    White

    tile

    flask

    Burette titration procedures

    Precautions when using


    equipment
    Burette must be vertical, use and then
    remove funnel, check meniscus, rinse
    with de-ionised water and then given
    solution.
    In using a Pipette rinse with de-ionised
    water first and then with given
    solution. Check meniscus. Do not blow
    out remainder of liquid into flask and
    keep tip of pipette in contact with flask

    Precautions
    Conical

    flask should not be rinsed


    with solution it is to contain and swirl
    In using a Volumetric flask the last
    few cm must be added so that the
    meniscus rest on calibration mark
    Invert stoppered flask to ensure
    solution is homogeneous/uniform

    Why is a conical flask, rather


    than a beaker, used in the
    experiment?
    To

    allow easy mixing of the contents,


    by swirling.

    Why is the funnel removed


    from the burette after
    adding the acid solution?
    So

    that drops of solution from the


    funnel will not fall into the burette.

    In using a burette, why is it


    important
    (a) to rinse it with a
    little of the solution it is
    going to contain.
    (b) to clamp it
    vertically. (c) to have
    the part below the tap
    full?

    Solution (a) Rinsing

    To remove any residual water, and


    so avoid dilution of the acid solution
    when it is poured into the burette.

    Solution (b) clamp vertically


    To

    enable the liquid level to be


    read correctly

    Solution (c) Full tap

    To ensure that the actual volume of


    liquid delivered into the conical
    flask is read accurately.

    The following procedures were


    carried out during the
    titration:
    The sides of the conical flask

    To ensure that all of the


    acid added from the
    burette can react with
    the base.
    To ensure complete mixing
    of the reactants

    Why is a rough titration carried out?

    To find the approximate end-point.


    This information enables the
    subsequent titrations to be carried
    out more quickly.

    Why is more than one accurate


    titration carried out?

    To minimise error by getting


    accurate readings within 0.1 cm of
    each other.

    Calculation example

    Volume of acid Va
    (cm3) is the
    titration figure from
    burette
    The concentration
    of acid is Ca (mol)
    na is the mol of full
    balanced equation
    per litre

    Volume of base is
    Vb (cm ). Usually
    placed in the
    conical flask.
    Cb is the
    concentration of
    the base
    na is the mol of full
    balanced per litre

    Calculations
    USE

    FORMULA Va. Ca = Vb. Cb


    na
    nb
    Va = 37 cm
    Ca is unknown
    na = 2
    Vb = 25 cm
    Cb = 0.1 mol
    nb = 1

    Va. Ca = Vb. Cb
    na
    nb
    37 cm Ca =
    0.1mol

    25 cm

    Ca = 25 2 0.1
    mol/L
    37

    = 0.13

    EXAM QUESTIONS

    Look out for dilution factors e.g vinegar


    Choice of indicator
    Type of vol flask given 1L OR 250 cm as
    you have to adjust in your calculations
    Take titre reading from burette and given
    vol of solution is taken from conical flask
    USE FORMULA Va. Ca = Vb. Cb
    na
    nb

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