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Grammar in Context

This document discusses the importance of grammar and strategies for teaching grammar effectively. It notes that grammar is best taught in context through meaningful communication activities, rather than just focusing on rules. An inductive approach is recommended where students discover grammar patterns themselves from examples rather than being explicitly taught rules. A model lesson involves introducing a grammar point in context, allowing students to formulate the rule, and providing opportunities for both controlled and free practice to develop communicative competence.

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Javed Iqbal
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104 views20 pages

Grammar in Context

This document discusses the importance of grammar and strategies for teaching grammar effectively. It notes that grammar is best taught in context through meaningful communication activities, rather than just focusing on rules. An inductive approach is recommended where students discover grammar patterns themselves from examples rather than being explicitly taught rules. A model lesson involves introducing a grammar point in context, allowing students to formulate the rule, and providing opportunities for both controlled and free practice to develop communicative competence.

Uploaded by

Javed Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grammar in

Context

A
Refreshe
r

What is
grammar?
It is well to remember that grammar
It is well to remember that grammar
is common speech formulated.
Somerset Maugham

Is grammar
important?

George W. Bush Speaking:

Rarely is the question


asked: Is our children
learning?
January 11, 2000 From a speech
delivered in Florence, South Carolina,
and reported in the Los Angeles Times
on January 14, 2000.

You teach a child to


read, and he or her will
be able to pass a
literacy test
February 21, 2001 From a speech
delivered in Townsend, Tennessee.
Reported by The New Republic
(March 5, 2001 issue).

y is it important in our teaching context?

Grammar: Band 5 (Speaking)

Grammar: Band 5 (Writing Tasks 1 & 2)

Some example of what we very


often hear in our classrooms,
exam, et.

What did you do last weekend?


I go to Dubai with my friends.
(!!!!???)
I swim in the sea. (!!!!???)
I play football. (!!!!???)

Some example of what we very


often hear in our classrooms,
exams, etc.

What did you do last weekend?


I go to Dubai with my friends.
(!!!!???)
I swim in the sea. (!!!!???)
I play football. (!!!!???)

Teaching Grammar in
Context
In the past, a traditional
classroom, with its emphasis
on grammatical competence
and explicit knowledge of
language rules, did not provide
occasions for learners to
communicate
-Adair-Hauck & Donato, 2002

Unfortunately, many students who


spent years learning only the formal
properties of the language (sound
system, verb conjugations, rules of
syntax, vocabulary lists) could not, in
the end, exchange information, express
ideas or feelings, construct and control
problem solving, or develop and nurture
a social relationship in a second
language.
-Adair-Hauck & Donato, 2002

It is through communication that


we are able to improve our
world, to prosper, and to enjoy
it.
Cooper (1993)

Second and Foreign language


learners want to learn language as
it is really used.
Coelho

Deductive Approach:
General rule
Specific examples
Practice
( Top-down Approach )

Inductive Approach:

Exposure to grammar in context


Practice
General rule
( Bottom- up Approach )

When grammar is taught


inductively, the teacher
allows the learner to formulate
and discover the rule (to
induct).
provides a CONTEXT and
PURPOSE for use.
focuses on meaning first and
form second.
helps learners discover the rule
through meaningful
communication.
empowers the students to

A Model Lesson Pattern


introduces the target grammar
item(s) in CONTEXT.
pre-teaches some of the difficult
vocabulary.
provides a PURPOSE for use.
asks students if they can recognize
the words/phrases in BOLD.
invites students to try and formulate
the rule for themselves.
invites students to answer some
concept checking questions

A Model Lesson Pattern (continued)

presents the grammar item


(explicitly)
discovers the grammar
provides opportunities for controlled
practice
invites students to edit a piece of
writing
free practice (communication)

How to put it into practice?

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