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    Signals: Analog and Digital Periodic and Aperiodic Signals Analog Signals Digital Signals

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    megapuspitha
    This document discusses analog and digital signals. Analog signals are continuous waveforms that can take on any value, while digital signals are discrete and have a limited set of defined values, usually 1 and 0. Periodic signals repeat in a regular pattern over time periods, while aperiodic signals do not have a repetitive pattern. Common analog signals include sine waves, which are characterized by amplitude, period/frequency, and phase. Digital signals represent data as discrete voltage levels, using bits sent at a bit rate instead of a continuous frequency. Composite signals can be decomposed into a sum of sine waves using Fourier analysis.

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    Signals: Analog and Digital Periodic and Aperiodic Signals Analog Signals Digital Signals

    Uploaded by

    megapuspitha
    78 views20 pages
    This document discusses analog and digital signals. Analog signals are continuous waveforms that can take on any value, while digital signals are discrete and have a limited set of defined values, usually 1 and 0. Periodic signals repeat in a regular pattern over time periods, while aperiodic signals do not have a repetitive pattern. Common analog signals include sine waves, which are characterized by amplitude, period/frequency, and phase. Digital signals represent data as discrete voltage levels, using bits sent at a bit rate instead of a continuous frequency. Composite signals can be decomposed into a sum of sine waves using Fourier analysis.

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    4 Signal

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    This document discusses analog and digital signals. Analog signals are continuous waveforms that can take on any value, while digital signals are discrete and have a limited set of defined values, usually 1 and 0. Periodic signals repeat in a regular pattern over time periods, while aperiodic signals do not have a repetitive pattern. Common analog signals include sine waves, which are characterized by amplitude, period/frequency, and phase. Digital signals represent data as discrete voltage levels, using bits sent at a bit rate instead of a continuous frequency. Composite signals can be decomposed into a sum of sine waves using Fourier analysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    78 views20 pages

    Signals: Analog and Digital Periodic and Aperiodic Signals Analog Signals Digital Signals

    Uploaded by

    megapuspitha
    This document discusses analog and digital signals. Analog signals are continuous waveforms that can take on any value, while digital signals are discrete and have a limited set of defined values, usually 1 and 0. Periodic signals repeat in a regular pattern over time periods, while aperiodic signals do not have a repetitive pattern. Common analog signals include sine waves, which are characterized by amplitude, period/frequency, and phase. Digital signals represent data as discrete voltage levels, using bits sent at a bit rate instead of a continuous frequency. Composite signals can be decomposed into a sum of sine waves using Fourier analysis.

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    Chapter 4

    Signals
    Analog and Digital
    Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
    Analog Signals
    Digital Signals

    Analog and Digital


    Information can be in the form of data, voice, picture, etc.
    To be transmitted, information must be transformed into
    media-transmittable signals.

    Analog and Digital


    Analog and digital clocks

    Analog and Digital


    Analog and digital signals

    Analog signal a continuous wave form that changes smoothly


    over time; as the wave moves from value A to value B, it passes
    through and includes an infinite number of values along its path.

    Analog and Digital


    Analog and digital signals (cont)

    Digital signal discrete; has limited number of defined values,


    often as simple as 1 and 0.

    Periodic and Aperiodic


    Signals
    Periodic Signals

    A periodic signals completes a pattern within a measurable time


    frame (or period) and repeats that pattern over identical
    subsequent periods
    The completion of one full pattern is called a cycle and is
    expressed in seconds.

    Periodic and Aperiodic


    Signals
    Aperiodic (non-periodic) Signals

    An aperiodic signal has no repetitive pattern.


    Can be decomposed into an infinite number of periodic signals.

    Analog Signals
    Simple analog signals

    The sine wave is the most fundamental form of a periodic analog


    signal.
    Three characteristics of sine wave amplitude, period or
    frequency, phase

    Analog Signals
    Simple analog signals (cont)

    Amplitude the value of the signal at any point on the wave

    Measured in volts (voltage), amperes (current), watts (power)

    Analog Signals
    Simple analog signals (cont)

    Period the amount of time (in second) it takes a signal to


    complete one cycle (T)
    Frequency the number of cycles per second (f) (in hertz, Hz)
    f = 1/T, T= 1/f

    Analog Signals
    Simple analog signals (cont)

    Phase the position of the waveform


    relative to time zero

    Digital Signals
    Data can also be represented by a digital signal

    1 as a positive voltage and 0 as zero voltage

    Digital Signals
    Bit interval (instead of period)

    Time required to send one bit

    Bit rate (instead of frequency)

    The number of bits sent in one second


    bits per second
    (bps)

    Time and Frequency


    Domains
    Time-domain plot

    instantaneous amplitude with respect to time

    Frequency-domain plot

    maximum amplitude with respect to frequency

    Example:

    Time and Frequency


    Domains

    Composite Signals
    Can be decomposed into a collection of sine
    waves
    using
    Fourier
    analysis

    Composite Waveform

    Composite Signals
    Frequency spectrum (of a signal)

    The combination of all sine wave signals that make up


    that signal (shown using a frequency-domain graph)

    Bandwidth (of a signal)

    The width of the frequency spectrum

    Composite Signals
    Bandwidth

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