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Method of Data Collection

This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes primary data as being originally collected for the research purpose, while secondary data has already been collected and analyzed by others. Some key primary data collection methods covered include observation, interviews using both structured and unstructured approaches, questionnaires, schedules, case studies, surveys, and panel methods. Secondary data can be either published or unpublished sources already available to researchers. Care must be taken to ensure secondary data is suitable for the research purpose.

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220 views12 pages

Method of Data Collection

This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes primary data as being originally collected for the research purpose, while secondary data has already been collected and analyzed by others. Some key primary data collection methods covered include observation, interviews using both structured and unstructured approaches, questionnaires, schedules, case studies, surveys, and panel methods. Secondary data can be either published or unpublished sources already available to researchers. Care must be taken to ensure secondary data is suitable for the research purpose.

Uploaded by

motiv007
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Produced by :
rahul sharma
INTRODUCTION
Various method of collecting data are employed
by social scientists. Here we will discuss the
varied dimension relevant to : data generation
and attempt to arrive at an abstract typology
involving stimuli, responses and setting for data
collection. The task of data collections begins
after a research problem has been defined and
research design/ chalked out.
TYPES OF DATA

PRIMARY DATA : Are those which are collected afresh


and for the first time and thus happen to be original in
character and known as primary data.

SECONDRY DATA: Are those which have been collected


by some one else and which have already been passed
through the statitical process are known as secondary
data.
COLLECTIN OF PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY DATA
PD -There are several methods of collecting primary data,
particularly in surveys and descriptive researches. In
descriptive research, we obtain primary data either through
observation or through direct communication with
respondents in one form or another or through personal
interviews.

SD -These are already available i.e. they refer to the data


which have already been collected and analyzed by someone
else. Secondary data may either be published or unpublished
data. Researcher must be careful in using secondary data,
because the data available may be sometime un suitable.
Methods of data Collection :
Primary Data
• OBSERVATION METHOD : Observation method is a method under
which data from the field is collected with the help of observation by
the observer or by personally going to the field.
, “Observation may be defined as systematic viewing, coupled with
consideration of seen phenomenon.”

• INTERVIEW METHOD: This method of collecting data involves


presentation or oral-verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral-verbal
responses. There are different type of interviews as follows :
A) personal interviews : The interviewer asks questions generally
in a face to face contact to the other person or persons.

B) telephonic interviews : When it is not possible to contact the


respondent directly, then interview is conducted through –
Telephone.

C) structured interviews : In this case, a set of pre-decided


questions are there.

D) unstructured interviews : In this case, we don’t follow a system


of pre-determined questions.

E) focused interviews : Attention is focused on the given


experience of the respondent and its possible effects.
F) Clinical interviews : Concerned with broad underlying feelings
or motivations or with the course of individual’s life experience,
rather than with the effects of the specific experience, as in the
case of focused interview.

G) Group interviews : A group of 6 to 8 individuals is interviewed.

H) qualitative and quantitative interviews : Divided on the basis of


subject matter i.e. whether qualitative or quantitative.

I) Individual interviews : Interviewer meets a single person and


interviews him.

J) Selection interviews : Done for the selection of people for certain


jobs.

K) Depth interviews : It deliberately aims to elicit unconscious as well as


other types of material relating especially to personality dynamics and
motivations.
• QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD: This method of data collection is
quite popular, particularly in case of big enquiries. The questionnaire
is mailed to respondents who are expected to read and understand the
questions and write down the reply in the space meant for the purpose
in the questionnaire itself. The respondents have to answer the
questions on their own.

• SCHEDULE METHOD: It is one of the important methods for the


study of social problems. In the words of Thomas Carson Macormic,
“The schedule is nothing more than a list of questions which it seems
necessary to test the hypothesis .”

• CASE STUDY METHOD : It is essentially an intensive investigation


of the particular unit under consideration. Its important characteristics
are as follows : a) the researcher can take one single social unit or
more of such units for his study purpose. b) the selected unit is studied
intensively i.e. it is studied in minute details.
HOW TO CONSTRUCT A QUESTIONNAIRE

• Researcher should note the following with regard to these three


main aspects of a questionnaire: General form Question
Sequence Determine the type the Questions :

a) Direct Question
b) Indirect Question
c) Open Form Questionnaire
D) Closed Form Questionnaire
E) Dichotomous Questions
F) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
• SURVEY METHOD : One of the common methods of diagnosing and
solving of social problems is that of undertaking surveys. Festinger
and Kat of the opinion that, “Many research problems require
systematic collection of data from population through the use of
personal interviews or other data gathering devices.”

PANEL METHOD : In this method, data is collected from the same


sample respondents at the some interval either by mail or by personal
interview. This is used for studies on

1) Expenditure Pattern
2) Consumer Behaviour
3) Effectiveness of Advertising
4) Voting Behaviour and so on
THANK YOU
THANK YOU

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