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Learning From Failure: DR - Vinod Hosur, Professor, Civil Engg - Dept., Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum

Understanding the force path in the structures. It includes the gravity and lateral load resisting systems.

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Vinod Hosur
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95 views57 pages

Learning From Failure: DR - Vinod Hosur, Professor, Civil Engg - Dept., Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum

Understanding the force path in the structures. It includes the gravity and lateral load resisting systems.

Uploaded by

Vinod Hosur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING FROM FAILURE

Dr.Vinod Hosur,
Professor, Civil Engg.Dept.,
Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION


Structural Integrity (Redundancy) and Ductility
Good lateral load resistance system
Uniform disposition and continuity in structural mass and stiffness
Continuous and direct load (force) path without stress concentration
Simple, symmetric plan with good aspect ratio & without re-entrant
corners
Soil-Foundation-Structure Compatibility and integral action

What affects
building performance & damage?
Shape (configuration) of building:

Square or rectangular usually perform better than L, T, U, H, +, O, or a

combination of these.

Construction material: steel, concrete, wood, brick.

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world.


Ductile materials perform better than brittle ones. Ductile materials

include steel and aluminum. Brittle materials include brick, stone and
unstrengthened concrete.

Load resisting system


Height of the building: (i.e. natural frequency)
Previous earthquake damage
Intended function of the building (e.g. hospital, fire station, office

building)
Proximity to other buildings
Soil beneath the building
Magnitude and duration of the earthquake
Direction and frequency of shaking

FLOATING
COLUMN ?

First,
the
apartment
building
was
constructed Then the plan called for an
underground
garage
to
be
dug
out.
The excavated soil was piled up on the other
side of the building. Heavy rains resulted in water
seeping
into
the
ground..
The building began to shift and the
concrete pilings were snapped due to the uneven
lateral pressures. The building began to tilt. They
built 13 stories on grade, with no basement, and
tied it all down to hollow pilings with no rebar.

Notice that the soft-storey is subject to severe


deformation demands during seismic shaking.

Ductility
Ductility can be defined as the ability of material
to undergo large deformations without rupture
before failure.
The ductility of RC member is increased by,
Restricting tension steel to under reinforced
section design
. An increase in compression steel content.
An increase in concrete compressive strength.
An increase in ductility in steel rather than yield
strength.

NECESSITY OF DUCTILE DETAILING


Ductile detailing is provided in structures
so as to give them adequate ductility to
facilitate failure by yielding prior to brittle
failure
(shear,
bond,
anchorage
failures) so that the structure resists
severe earthquake shocks without collapse.
Ductile detailing is a must for the following
structures.
The structures located in seismic zone IV
and V.
The structures located in seismic zone III
and has the important factor(I), greater than
1. such as schools, hospitals, bridges
The industrial structures located in seismic

DUCTILE DETAILING OF FLEXURAL MEMBER

Shear- flexure failure of beams

Shear failure in beam column joint

Structural Behaviour of RCC Frames with Masonry infill


Masonry infill walls confined by reinforced concrete RC
frames on all four sides play a vital role in resisting the
lateral seismic loads on buildings.
MI walls have a very high initial lateral stiffness and low
deformability.
Masonry infill (MI) walls are remarkable in increasing the
initial stiffness of reinforced concrete RC frames, and
being the stiffer component, attract most of the lateral
seismic shear forces on buildings, thereby reducing the
demand on the RC frame members
The introduction of MI in RC frames changes the lateralload
transfer
mechanism
of
the
structure
from
predominant frame action to predominant truss action ,
which is responsible for reduction in bending moments and
increase in axial forces in the frame members

Two Approaches in the Standards that consider or do not


consider the role of MI walls while designing RC frames.
A very few codes specifically recommend isolating the MI
from the RC frames such that the stiffness of MI does not
play any role in the overall stiffness of the frame (NZS3101 1995), The isolation helps to prevent the problems
associated with the brittle behavior and asymmetric
placement of MI.
Another group of national codes prefers to take
advantage of certain characteristics of MI walls such as
high initial lateral stiffness and these codes tend to
maximize the role of MI as a first line of defense against
seismic actions, and to minimize their potential
detrimental effects through proper selection of their
layout and quality control
Presence of non-isolated MI walls in buildings increases
both the mass and stiffness of buildings; however, the
contribution of latter is more significant. Consequently,
the natural periods of an MI-RC frame are normally lower
than that of the corresponding bare frame. Therefore, the
seismic design forces for MI frames are generally higher

RCC Framed Structure


with Masonry infill

Failure of Pier of Delhi Metro

CONGESTION OF REINFORCEMENT
DUCTILITY

INVITATION FOR FAILURE ?

Improper bracing or shoring during construction,

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION


Structural Integrity (Redundancy) and Ductility
Good lateral load resistance system
Uniform disposition and continuity in structural mass and stiffness
Continuous and direct load (force) path without stress concentration
Simple, symmetric plan with good aspect ratio & without re-entrant
corners
Soil-Foundation-Structure Compatibility and integral action

THANK YOU

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