Scribd
Upload
130 views

Computer Networking

This document covers the key topics in computer networks including components of data communication, types of data flow and network connections, network topologies, categories of networks, protocols and standards. It discusses distributed processing, network criteria, physical structures, and applications of computer networks in areas like scientific/technical computing, commercial uses, and public access to information.

Uploaded by

vishalmishra225
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
130 views

Computer Networking

This document covers the key topics in computer networks including components of data communication, types of data flow and network connections, network topologies, categories of networks, protocols and standards. It discusses distributed processing, network criteria, physical structures, and applications of computer networks in areas like scientific/technical computing, commercial uses, and public access to information.

Uploaded by

vishalmishra225
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Chapter - 1

What to be covered

 Introduction to Computer Network

 Components of Data Communication

 Types of Data Flow

 Types of Connection

 Topologies

 Categories of Network

 Protocols and Standards


Evolution of Computer Network
What is … ?
Communication
• Information transfer, according to agreed conventions using
hand signals, language etc.

Telecommunication
• Communicating at a distance, includes telephony, telegraphy,
television etc.

Data Communication
• Transfer of data from one or more sources to one or more
destinations.

Computer Network
• A network of Computers for the purpose of Information
interchange.
Effectiveness of Data Communications system
depends on four fundamental characteristics:

Delivery

Accuracy

Timeliness`

Jitter
Data Communication

Components

Data Flow
Five components of data communication

A Set of rules that


govern data
communication
The data
(information) to be
communicated

The physical
The device that sends The device that
path by which a
data message receives data message
message travels
Data Flow

Simplex
Data Flow contd..

Half-duplex
Data Flow contd…

Full-duplex
Networks

Distributed Processing

Network Criteria

Physical Structures

Categories of Networks
Distributed Processing

A task is divided among multiple computers.


Network Criteria

Transit time
Response time
No. of users
 Performance Type of transmission Medium

Reliability Frequency of failure

Time it taken to recover from failure

 Security Protecting data from unauthorized


access
Protecting data from damage
Types of Connection

Point-to-Point Connection
Types of Connection Contd….

Multipoint Connection
Categories of topology
Fully connected mesh topology (for five devices)

Key Characteristics:

• Fully Connected

• Robust

• Not flexible

• Poor expandability
Star topology

Key features:

• High Speed

• Very Flexible

• Robustness

• High Maintainability
Bus topology
Ring topology
Categories of networks

A Network is categorized with respect to its size, its ownership


and the distance it covers.
LAN

Smaller scope
•Building or small campus
Usually owned by same organization as attached
devices
Data rates much higher
Usually broadcast systems
LAN (Continued)
MAN

Middle ground between LAN and WAN


May be owned by Private company or a service

provided by a public company


Large area
WAN

• It provides long-distance transmission of information over large geographical


areas that may comprise a country, continent or even the whole world.

• In contrast to LAN, WAN may utilize public, leased or private communication


devices, usually in combinations.
What is a Protocol

It is a set of rules that governs data communication.

The protocol determines the following:


• The type of error checking to be used
• Data compression method, if any
• How the sending device will indicate that it
has finished sending a message
• How the receiving device will indicate that it
has received a message
Key Elements of a Protocol

It refers to the meaning of each section of


bits. How is a particular pattern to be
 Syntax interpreted, and what action is to be taken
based on that interpretation?
For example, address identify the route to be
 Semantics taken or final
It refers destination.
to the structure or format of the
data, meaning the order in which they are
presented.
 Timing For example, a simple protocol might expect
the first 8 bits of data to be the sender’s
address, the second 8 bits to be the
Itreceiver’s address
refers when dataand the rest
should of the
be sent stream
and how
to bethey
fast the can
message itself.
be sent .
For example , if a sender produces data at
100Mbps, but the receiver can process data
at only 1Mbps.
Application

• Initially, computer network was developed for defense purpose, to


have a secure communication network.

• After a decade or so, companies, in various fields, started using


computer networks for keeping track of inventories, monitor
productivity, communication between their different branch offices
located at different locations.

• And now after almost two decades, computer networks have


entered a new dimension; they are now an integral part of the
society and people. In 1990s, computer network started delivering
services to private individuals at home.
Some of the Applications

• Marketing and Sales


• Financial Services
• Manufacturing
• Directory Services
• Information Services
• Electronic Data Exchange
• Electronic Mail
• Teleconferencing
• Voice over IP
• Video on Demand
The main area of applications can be broadly classified into following
categories:

• Scientific and Technical Computing


• Client-Server model, Distributed Processing, Parallel Processing,
Communication Media

• Commercial
• Advertisement, Telemarketing, Teleconferencing

• Network for the People


• Telemedicine, Distance Education, Access to remote Information,
Person to Person Communication, Interactive Entertainment

You might also like