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Integration by Partial Fraction

The document discusses integration by partial fractions. It defines rational functions as the quotient of two polynomial functions. Integration of rational functions involves writing the function as the sum of partial fractions, where the denominator factors are obtained by factoring the denominator polynomial. There are four cases depending on whether the factors are linear or quadratic, and repeated or distinct. The procedure involves factoring the denominator, equating coefficients of the partial fractions, and integrating term-by-term. Examples are provided to illustrate the method.

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Syarifah Nabila Aulia Ranti
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277 views26 pages

Integration by Partial Fraction

The document discusses integration by partial fractions. It defines rational functions as the quotient of two polynomial functions. Integration of rational functions involves writing the function as the sum of partial fractions, where the denominator factors are obtained by factoring the denominator polynomial. There are four cases depending on whether the factors are linear or quadratic, and repeated or distinct. The procedure involves factoring the denominator, equating coefficients of the partial fractions, and integrating term-by-term. Examples are provided to illustrate the method.

Uploaded by

Syarifah Nabila Aulia Ranti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intregation of Rasional Functions

by Partial Fractions

Definiton of A Rational Function

nal function was defined as one which can be ex


outient of two polynomial
P( xfunctions.
)

f ( x)

Q( x)

here P(x) and Q(x) are polinomials

In general, then, we are concerned


with the integration of expressions of
the form:
P( x)

Q( x)

dx

Rational Function
There are 2 types of rational function:
1. Proper Rational function: if the degree of the
numerator P(x) is less than the degree of
3x 5
2x 2
denominator
Q(x).
f ( x)
f ( x) 2
( x 1) 2
x 4x 8
ex. :
2.
Improper Rational Function: if the degree
of the numerator P(x) greater or equal than
3
5
3
x

1
x

2
x
x 1
degree f of
Q(x)
( x) denominator
g
(
x
)

x3 x
x 3 5x
ex.:

Integration by Partial
Fraction
To do this technique, it is necessary to write
P(x)/Q(x) as the sum of partial fraction.
The denominator of the partial fractions are
obtained by factoring Q(x) into a product of
linear and quadratic factors.
The method of determining the partial fraction
depends on the nature of these factors.

Case 1 and Case2

ors of Q(x) are all linear and none is


P( x)
A
B
C
dx

dx

( x a )( x b)( x c)
x a x b x c

rs of Q (x) are all linear, and some a


P( x)

A
B
C
dx

dx

2
2
x a ( x a)
x b
( x a ) ( x b)

Case 3 and Case 4

ear and quadratic, and none of the


A
Bx C
dx
2
dx

2
x a ax bx c
( x a )(ax bx c)
P( x)

linear and quadratic, and some of th

P( x)
2

(ax bx c)( px qx r )

dx

Bx C
2

ax bx c

Dx E
2

px qx r

dx

Prosedure how to evaluate


The intregation by of Partial Fraction
Take these steps to evaluate the integral
Step 1 : Factor the denominator as much
as possible
to get the form of the partial
fraction
decomposition
Step 2 : Multiply both sides by the
denominator and
then set the numerators are equal for
every
x to get the constants

Integration by Partial Fraction

Examples

Example 1.

1. Faktor linier berbeda

2. Faktor linier berulang

Exercises
1.

3x 1
x2 x 6

2
2. 0

dx

9x 1
dx
( x 3)(2 x 1)

Exercises!
Find the integral!

9x 1
1.
dx
0 ( x 3)( 2 x 1)
x
2.
dx
2
( x 2) ( x 4)
2
1
3.
dx
1 x 3 8 x 2 16 x
2

Solution no.1
1.

9x 1
dx
( x 3)(2 x 1)

Answer :

2
9x 1
A
B
dx

dx
0
( x 3)(2 x 1)
x 3 2x 1

9x 1
A
B

( x 3)( 2 x 1)
x3
2x 1
9x 1
A( 2 x 1) B ( x 3)

( x 3)( 2 x 1)
( x 3)(2 x 1)

Solution no. 1

Then 9 x 1 A( 2 x 1) B ( x 3)
1
for x

2

1
1

9
3
1 0 B
2
2

1
1
3 3 B B 1
2
2

for x 3

9( 3) 1 A( 6 1)
26 7 A

26
7

Solution no. 1

2
9x 1
A
B

dx
0 x3
( x 3)(2 x 1)
2x 1
2 26 / 7
1

dx
0
x3
2x 1
2
26 2 1
1

dx
dx

0 2x 1
7 0 x3

Then
->

26
1


ln x 3 ln 2 x 2
7
2

Solution no 1

26
1
26
1


ln 2 3 ln 2.2 2
ln 0 3 ln 2.0 2
7
2
7
2

26
1
26
1


(1,61) (0,69)
(1,1) (0,69)
7
2
7
2

299 69 143 69

50 200 53 500

299 143

50
53
663
2
9x 1

350
0

663
dx
1,89
( x 3)(2 x 1)
350

Solution no 2
x
2.
dx
2
( x 2) ( x 4)
x

A
B
C
dx

dx

2
2
x 2 ( x 2)
x4
( x 2) ( x 4)

Answer :

A
B
C

2
2
x4
( x 2) ( x 4) x 2 ( x 2)
x
2

( x 2) ( x 4)

A( x 2)( x 4) B ( x 4) C ( x 2) 2
( x 2) 2 ( x 4)

Solution no 2
Then x A( x 2)( x 4) B ( x 4) C ( x 2) 2
For x 2

For x 4

For x 0

2 0 B ( 2 4) 0
1
2 6B B
3

4 0 0 C ( 4 2) 2
1
4 36C
C
9

0 A( 2)(4) 4 B C ( 2) 2
4 4
0 8 A
3 9
8
1
8 A
A
9
9

Solution no. 2
x
A
B
C
( x 2)2 ( x 4) dx x 2 ( x 2)2 x 4 dx
1/ 9
1/ 3
1/ 9

dx
2
x 2 ( x 2) x 4
1
1
1 1
ln x 2 ( x 2) ln x 4 C
9
3
9
9x 1
1
1
1
1
( x 2) 2 ( x 4) dx 9 ln x 2 3 ( x 2) 9 ln x 4 C

Solution no. 3
3.

1
dx
3
2
x 8 x 16 x

Answer :

2 A
1
B
C
dx

dx
2
2
1 x
x( x 4)
( x 4) ( x 4)

1
A
B
C

2
2
x( x 4)
x ( x 4) ( x 4)
1
A( x 4) Bx( x 4) Cx

2
x( x 4)
x( x 4) 2
2

Solution no 3.
then 1 A( x 4) 2 Bx ( x 4) Cx
For

x0

1 16 A 0 0
1 16 A

For x 4

1 0 0 4C
1 4C

For x 1

1
A
16

1
4

1 9 A 3B C
9
1
1
3B
16
4
3
1
3 A
B
16
16

Solution no. 3

2 A
1
B
C
dx

dx
2
2
1 x
x ( x 4)
( x 4) ( x 4)
2 1
1
1

dx
2
1 16 x
16( x 4) 4( x 4)

then ->

1
1
1

ln x ln x 4

16
4( x 4)
16

Solution no. 3
1
1
1 1
1
1


ln 2 ln 2 4
ln 1 ln 1 4
16
4(2 4) 16
16
4(1 4)
16
1
1
1 1
1
1


(0,69) (0,69)
(0) (1,1)
16
(8) 16
16
(12)
16
1 11 1

8 160 12
53

480

1
53
dx
0,11
3
2
x 8 x 16 x
480

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