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Classifications of Couplings

Couplings are used to connect two shafts for torque transmission. They can be rigid, allowing no misalignment, or flexible, accommodating some misalignment. Common rigid couplings include sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings. Flexible couplings include Oldham's coupling, bush pin coupling, and universal coupling, allowing for shaft misalignment. Couplings provide connection between separate units, introduce mechanical flexibility, reduce shock transmission, and protect against overloads.

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4K views20 pages

Classifications of Couplings

Couplings are used to connect two shafts for torque transmission. They can be rigid, allowing no misalignment, or flexible, accommodating some misalignment. Common rigid couplings include sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings. Flexible couplings include Oldham's coupling, bush pin coupling, and universal coupling, allowing for shaft misalignment. Couplings provide connection between separate units, introduce mechanical flexibility, reduce shock transmission, and protect against overloads.

Uploaded by

syampnaidu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Couplings

Couplings are used to connect two shafts for torque


transmission in varied applications.
It may be to connect two units such as a motor and a
generator or it may be to form a long line shaft by connecting
shafts of standard lengths say 6-8m by couplings.
Coupling may be rigid or they may provide flexibility and
compensate for misalignment.
They may also reduce shock loading and vibration.
A wide variety of commercial shaft couplings are available
ranging from a simple keyed coupling to one which requires a
complex design procedure using gears or fluid drives etc.

dvantages of Couplings

1. To provide for the connection of shafts of units that are


manufactured separately such as a motor and generator and to
provide for disconnection for repairs or alternations.
2. To provide for misalignment of the shafts or to introduce
mechanical flexibility.
3. To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to
another.
4.
To introduce protection
against
overloads.
Requirements
of a Good
Shaft
Coupling
It should be easy to connect or disconnect.
It should transmit the full power from one shaft to the other shaft without losses.
It should hold the shafts in perfect alignment.
It should reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another shaft.
It should have no projecting parts.

Classification
However there are two main types of couplings:
1. Rigid couplings
2. Flexible couplings
Rigid couplings are used for shafts having no misalignment.
flexible couplings can absorb some amount of misalignment in the shafts to be
connected.

Rigid
Couplings

It is used to connect two shafts which are perfectly aligned.


Since these couplings cannot absorb any misalignment the
shafts to be connected by a rigid coupling must have good
lateral and angular alignment. The types of misalignments
are shown schematically in figure

Following types of rigid coupling are important from the subject point of view
(a) Sleeve or muff coupling.
(b) Clamp or split-muff or compression coupling, and
(c) Flange coupling.

Sleeve or muff coupling


One of the simple type of rigid coupling is a sleeve coupling, made of
cast iron, which consists of a cylindrical sleeve keyed to the shafts to
be connected. A typical sleeve coupling is shown in figure.
Normally sunk keys are used and in order to transmit the torque
safely it is important to design the sleeve and the key properly.

Clamp or Compression Coupling or Split muff Coupling


A typical clamp coupling is shown in figure. It essentially consists of
two half cylinders which are placed over the ends of the shafts to be
coupled and are held together by through bolt.
The advantage of this coupling is that the position of the shafts need
not be changed for assembling or disassembling of the coupling.
Power is transmitted from one shaft to the other by means of key and
the friction between the muff and shaft

Flange
Coupling

It is a very widely used rigid coupling and consists of two


flanges keyed to the shafts and bolted
Each flange is mounted on the shaft end and keyed to it.
The faces are turned up at right angle to the axis of the shaft.
One of the flange has a projected portion and the other flange
has a corresponding recess.

There are three types of Flange couplings are there


1. Un protective
2. Protective type
3. Marine

Protective type Flange Coupling

Marine type Flange


Coupling

Flexible Couplings
Used when shafts are misaligned
They permits slight misalignments and impacts
Types:
1. Oldham's coupling,
2. Bush pin flexible coupling, and
3. Universal coupling

Oldham's
coupling
These couplings can accommodate both lateral and angular
misalignment to some extent.
An Oldham coupling consists of two flanges with slots on the
faces and the flanges are keyed or screwed to the shafts.
A cylindrical piece, called the disc, has a narrow rectangular
raised portion running across each face but at right angle to each
other.
The disc is placed between the flanges such that the raised
portions fit into the slots in the flanges.
The disc may be made of flexible materials and this absorbs some
misalignment. A schematic representation is shown in figure

Bush pin flexible


coupling

One of the most commonly used flexible coupling is a pin type


flexible flange coupling in which torque is transmitted from
one flange to the other through a flexible bush put around the
bolt, and is shown in figure.
These are used when excessive misalignment is not expected
such as a coupling between a motor and a generator or a
pump mounted on a common base plate.

Universal
coupling

These joints are capable of handling relatively large angular


misalignment and they are widely used in agricultural
machinery, machine tools and automobiles.
A typical universal joint is shown in figure.There are many
forms of these couplings, available commercially but they
essentially consist of two forks keyed or screwed to the shaft.
There is a center piece through which pass two pins with
mutually perpendicular axes and they connect the two fork ends
such that a large angular misalignment can be accommodated.
The coupling, often known as, Hookes coupling has no torsional
rigidity nor can it accommodate any parallel offset.

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