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Mr. Faisal Ikram Bin Abd Samad

1) The document discusses equations related to rolling motion of ships, including the natural rolling frequency and period. 2) An example calculation is shown to determine the natural rolling period of a ship given various parameters like length, draft, and metacentric height. 3) Additional concepts covered include damping forces during rolling, exciting rolling moments due to waves, and calculating the amplitude and phase of rolling motion in waves.

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Amir Hazim
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73 views29 pages

Mr. Faisal Ikram Bin Abd Samad

1) The document discusses equations related to rolling motion of ships, including the natural rolling frequency and period. 2) An example calculation is shown to determine the natural rolling period of a ship given various parameters like length, draft, and metacentric height. 3) Additional concepts covered include damping forces during rolling, exciting rolling moments due to waves, and calculating the amplitude and phase of rolling motion in waves.

Uploaded by

Amir Hazim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mr.

Faisal Ikram bin Abd Samad

Equation of rolling motion can written as follows:

z
y
x
Rolling

Equation of rolling motion in calm water is


or

This equation can also be writtenas


+2 +2 =0
Where
b
b
2
a I' xx

andc
2

g GM T

a
I' xx

Here is the natural frequency (circular) for


rolling. The expression for the natural rolling
period, T is given as

2
T

t
Now, the
solution
is
written
as
e
(A1cos
dt +A 2 sin dt)

or

e t A sin(dt )

Where

d 2 2

Example Calculation 2.14

L
= 150 m
Kxx
= 0.40 B
GMT = 2.5 m
B
= 20 m

= 15,000 tonnes

If the added mass moment of inertia is about 90


%, find the natural rolling period !

Example Calculation 2.14

a =1.90 K 2xx =1.9015,000 (0.420)2

= 712,500 tonnes m2
c = g GM T =15,000 x9.81x2.5 =367, 875 kNm
c
367,875
=
=
=0.719 rad / sec
a
712,500
2
T =
=8.734 sec

Equation of rolling motion in waves is

The steady state solution is usually taken for


analysis.

or

= a sin (e.t -2)


st
sin( et 2 )
= (1 - 2 )2 4k22

The amplitude of the forced rolling motion a is


given by:
a = st.
Where,

st

Mo
= static rolling amplitude =
c
a
= magnification factor =
st
1
=

(1 2 )2 4k22

Freq. of encounter
= tuning factor =
=
Nat. freq.

= non-dimensional damping factor


=

b
c
=
and
=
I'xx
2 I'xx

2 = phase angle between the exciting moment and the


motion

= tan 1 2k

1 2

Example Calculation 2.15


Given :
L = 140m
GMT = 5m
CB = 0.65
a = 1.5m

Cwp = 0.80 B = 19m


T = 8.5m Kyy = 32m
= 30o
V = 15knots
= 1025 kg/m3

i)

Natural roll period of ship is 6.885 seconds

ii)

Non-dimensional damping factor is 0.125

Example Calculation 2.15


iii) The non-dimensional amplitude of the rolling
moment,
Mo
= 0. 25
2
fo = gk aLB T
(Where, w = L and Cwp = 0.8)
Find :
a) Amplitude of the rolling motion
b) Phase differences between the wave and the
rolling motion

Example Calculation 2.15


Restoring moment coefficient,

= .g.GMT = 15063913 X 9.81 X 5 kg.m.m/s2


= 3.694 x 108 N.m/rad.

Natural frequency for rolling,

2
2
= T 6. 885

= 0.912 rad/sec.

Example Calculation 2.15

2 6. 28
The wave number is
k=
=
=0.045 m- 1
L W 140
Tuning factor, = e/
= 0.363/0.912 = 0.398
mo
Static roll deflection, st =
c
= 0.1973 rad. (11.31o)
a
1
The amplitude ratio, = =
2 2
2 2

st
(
1

)
+
4
K

= 1.18

Example Calculation 2.15


Amplitude of roll motion, a
= 1.18 x 0.1973
= 0.233 rad.
(13.35o)

= x st

The phase angle bet. wave motion and roll motion,


= 1 + 2
2

2.k.
= tan-1
2
1

= 6.74o

= tan-1 2 x 0.125 x0.398


1 - 0.3982

= - 90 + 6.74 = - 83.26o

Example Calculation 2.15


excitation moment

wave

rolling motion
w
A

e1

e2

e1
B
C
e2

a = Ixx + Ixx
Can also be written as:
a = (m + m) x kxx2
For normal ships
kxx = 0.33 B 0.45 B
(B = ship breadth)
Usually approximated as 10 to 20% of the actual
ship mass. This value is used when there is no
available data on added mass.

Damping forces arises from the combination of any


of the following:

a) Waves generated
b) Water friction on the ship surface or eddy making
c) Bilge keels, skeg, and other appendages
d) Resistance between the ship and the air
e) Energy loss because of heat generated during
the rolling
motion
f) Surface tension

Damping coeff per unit length,


bn

= g B n
3

Where

2 - 2

e 2

=
d
a

B
a( n )
2

e B n

2g

d is a function of individual section coefficient and


Sn .
Sn = Bn/2Tn

Example Calculation - 2.16

Find the damping coefficient for rolling for the


model described in Example Calculation 2.5.
Station
No
1
0
5
10
15
20

Bn

Tn

2
0
0.790
0.790
0.790
0

3
0.349
0.349
0.349
0.349
0.349

we
x Bn
2g
4
0.0
0.932
0.932
0.932
0.0

Bn2
5
0
0.6241
0.6241
0.6241
0

B 2n

4
6
0.0
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.0

Sn
7
0.0
0.2735
0.2735
0.2735
0.
0

Example Calculation - 2.16

Damping coefficient for rolling


= bn d = 1/3 x station spacing x product
= 1/3 x 1.463 x 2825.4 = 1,377.85 Nms

Damping coefficient can also be obtained from


experiment in calm water.
The damping ratio
= b/bc
bc = 2.Ixx.wn

Imaxl = o e-nt

15
10
5

(Deg) 0

-5

- 10
- 15

t1

t2

t3

The ratio of two amplitudes, at times t1 and t3


(over a period of time T),
1
2 where
2 &
2
ln
=

T
d
n

2
d
3
1
By obtaining value of from experiment, we can
now calculate value of1
3
b = bc.
n =
rad/sec.
c
= 2.Ixx.n.
I'xx

Restoring moment = B.GZ (for small angle of


inclination)
i.e
f < 10 0

Bf
Thus, c. = B.GZ
m
f

= B.GMT.sin

B.GMT.
c

T
.g
B.GMT or .g..GM

2/3 y
P
Q

f
R
y

The amplitude is,


Mo = 2 .g.k. . sin L / 2 cos(k.x.cos )y3.dx
a
- L /2
3
and 1 = -90o since sin = cos ( /2 )

The non dimensional amplitude of the exciting


moment is
fo =

2 sin
=
2
3 L B2 T
g k aL B T
M0

L /2

- L / 2

cos(k.x.cos )y3.dx

Example Calculation 2.17

Using the data from Example Calculation 2.7,


calculate the exciting moment for the rolling
motion.
3

Station
No.
2

y =B n /2

(m)

y
3
(m )
5

0
5
10
15
20

0
0.4
0.4
0.4
0

- 2.93
- 1.465
0
1.465
2.93

0
0.064
0.064
0.064
0

y3 cos
(k cos )

SM

0.000
0.707
1.000
0.707
0.000

0.000
0.0452
0.064
0.0452
0.000

cos
k cos (k cos)
6
1.570
0.785
0.000
- 0.785
- 1.570

1
4
2
4
1
SUM

Product

0.000
0.1808
0.128
0.1808
0.000
0.4896

Example Calculation 2.13

Integral
= 1/3 x station spacing x SUM
= 1/3 x 1.465 x 3.312 = -1.617 m3

Therefore
or

f0 =

4
2

x integral =

4
2

x - 1. 617= - 0. 235

BL
BL
1
M0 = g a B L2 f0 =1,899.95Nm
2

Example Calculation 2.13

Integral
= 1/3 x station spacing x SUM
= 1/3 x 1.465 x 0.4896 = 0.239 m3
Therefore
or

2 sin
2 0. 866
f0 =
x integral =
x0.239=0.105
2
2
3 LB T
3 LB T

M0 = gk a L B2 T f0 =86. 80 Nm

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