Directional Drilling

Rotary Steerable Systems

Sperry Drilling Services

2007
Internal Use Only

Evolution Of Directional Technology

1960

PDM
+
bent sub

1970

Wireline
steering
tool

1980

MWD

1985

Steerable
motor

2-D
Adjustable
stabilizer

Internal Use Only

1990

1995

2000

RST
Geo-Pilot
AutoTrak
OGJ, Dec.21, 1998. pp 101

Gullfaks Designer Wells

Internal Use Only

Rotary Steerable Concept

Desire to rotate the drillstring 100% of the time
Improves weight transfer and ROP
Improves hole cleaning by constant agitation of
cuttings
Desire to orient the bit and drill a directional well
Goal: Decouple the method of bit deflection and
orientation from the drill string

Internal Use Only

Benefits Of RST Steering?

Higher ROP
due to absence of
need to slide

Longer reach
with lower drag
due to rotation
Drag Rotating
Drag Sliding

Internal Use Only

Spirit Energy 76 Second Well

Run 1.
4507 ft

Run 2.
1120 ft

3330 - 9006
Total 5676 feet in 2 runs
Starting Inclination - 33
Dropped 2.5/100 while
turning 182 and building back
to 55 inc at 3/100
Oil based mud system

Internal Use Only

RST

Friction
Friction Factors
Factors
Casing
Casing

0.18
0.18

Openhole
Hole
Open

0.22
0.22

(Oil Based Mud)

Internal Use Only

Geo-Pilot
RST Wellbore Torque
Spirit Energy 76 Sweet Lake
10

Torque (000 ft-lbs)

9
8
7
6

Modeled
Actual

5
4
3
2
1
3369

3996

5592

Depth (ft)

Internal Use Only

7752

8661

Rotary Steerable System Principles

1. Generation : Pushthe-Bit

direct bit force

indirect bit force

2.

Generation : Pointthe-Bit

Internal Use Only

NR sleeve

3 pads

R sleeve

4 pads

Pad
deflector
Push
the Bit
Bttn
deflector

3D RST
systems

Vendor A
Vendor B
Vendor C
Vendor D

Vendor E

Vendor D
Vendor F
Internal
deflection

Vendor G
Vendor H
Vendor I

Point
the Bit
Eccentric
weight

Vendor J
Vendor K

SPE 87165

Internal Use Only

Security DBS Hypersteer Bit

Designed for the push-the-bit rotary steerable systems. Aggressive, short

gauges are appropriate for high dogleg requirements. These bits are also
designed with longer, more passive gauges where hole quality is of concern.

Internal Use Only

Security DBS Hypersteer Bit

Designed for point-the bit rotary steerable systems. generally feature longer,
more passive gauge lengths. Like the others, they are optimized to match the
mechanical system, the formation, and the required dogleg severity.

Internal Use Only

SlickBore Bit
Centralizes bit so
hole is drilled
straighter
Minimizes
destructive motion
and vibration

Internal Use Only

The Players

Internal Use Only

Pathfinder

PathMaker RSS

Principle of operation : push-the-bit (indirect)

Tool size : 8 with 6/100ft (operational)
6-3/4
(building now)

www.pathfinderlwd.com

Internal Use Only

CAMCO Drilling Service & Co.

Camco SRD Steerable Rotary Drilling

Principle of operation : push-the-bit (dynamic, with rotating housing)

Hole size - : 8-1/2
Tool size - : 6-3/4
Max. flow rate -------- : 500 gpm (-15 gpm through the actuators)
Max. dogleg rate ---- : approx. 8/100ft

CAMCO is purchased by Schlumberger Inc. and incorporated into the Anadrill division

Internal Use Only

Schlumberger Oilfield Services

PowerDrive Xceed

Principle of operation : point-the-bit

Tool size : 6-1/2
Hole sizes : 8-3/8 9-7/8
Max. dogleg : 8/100ft (could be pushed to 11/100ft)
String RPM : up 350

Note : the Xceed system is part of Schlumbergers PowerDrive Xtra

family of rotary steerable systems
www.slb.com/oilfield

Internal Use Only

Schlumberger Oilfield Services

PowerDrive X5
Principle of operation : point-the-bit
Note : the X5 system is part of Schlumbergers PowerDrive Xtra
family of rotary steerable systems

www.slb.com/oilfield

Internal Use Only

Schlumberger Oilfield Services

PowerDrive vorteX high-performance RSS

Integrated with a high-torque power section

www.slb.com/oilfield

Internal Use Only

Schlumberger Oilfield Services

PowerV Rotary Steerable System

Purpose : to automatically drill an optimized vertical well
Max. temperature : 300F (150C)

Source : E&P October 2004, pp.34

Internal Use Only

Cambridge Drilling Automation

AGS

Principle of operation : point-the-bit

Note : the point-the-bit technology is patented to Cambridge D.A.
Sperry has a partial license

Internal Use Only

Precision Drilling
Computalog Drilling Services

REVOLUTION Slimhole Rotary Steerable System

Principle of operation : point-the-bit
Hole size : 6 6-3/4
Tool size : 4-3/4 , max. OD 6-3/32
Max. operating temperature : 150C
Max. survival temperature - : 165C
Max. operating pressure ---- : 25,000 psi
Max. flow rate ------------------ : 400 gpm
Max. build rate ----------------- : 10/100ft
Max. kickoff angle ------------- : 0
www.precisiondrilling.com/revolution

Internal Use Only

Gyrodata Drilling Automation Ltd

WELL-GUIDE RSS Rotary Steerable System
Principle of operation : point-the-bit
Hole size : 12-1/4 22
Indicated WOB : 70,000 lb
Rotary speed - : 250 rpm
Max. operating temperature : 125C
Max. build rate ----------------- : 3/100ft
Max. kickoff angle ------------- : any
Steering reference : gravity toolface

Internal Use Only

DMT WellDone
Drilling Services GmbH

WELL DIRECTOR Rotary Steerable System

Principle of operation : push-the-bit, gyro orientation based

Hole size : 8-1/2 - 11; 12-1/4 17-1/2; 14-3/4 26
Tool sizes : 6-1/2 ; 9-1/2 ; 11
Azimuth steering accuracy : 0.3
Transmission method : positive pulse telemetry

Internal Use Only

Baker Hughes INTEQ

AutoTrak

Principle of operation: push-the-bit (static, with stationary housing)

Hole sizes : 8-1/2 ; 12-1/4
Control system : Rotary Closed Loop System (RCLS)
with 2-way comms.
Telemetry : uplink positive mud pulse
downlink negative mud pulse
Transmission rates : 1 ; 1.24 ; 1.66 ; 2.5 ; 5 sec/bit

Internal Use Only

Baker Hughes INTEQ

VertiTrak Vertical Drilling Service

Principle of operation : push-the -bit

A drilling motor (Xtreme power section) combined with a threepad steering system and an inclination sensor on top of the tool. It
can be used in oriented mode, too (closed loop inclination control)

Source : www.bakerhughes.com

Internal Use Only

Baker Hughes INTEQ

VertiTrak Vertical Drilling Service

Principle of operation : push-the -bit

A drilling motor (Xtreme power section) combined with a threepad steering system and an inclination sensor on top of the tool. It
can be used in oriented mode, too (closed loop inclination control)

Source : www.bakerhughes.com

Internal Use Only

Andergauge Ltd
RDC

Internal Use Only

Directional Drilling Dynamics Ltd

Dynamic Guidance System (GDS)

Internal Use Only

3D Stabilisers Ltd

3-D Stabiliser Tool

Internal Use Only

Sperry Drilling Services

EZ-Pilot instrumented near-bit stabilizer

Type of tool : push the bit

Communication to tool : by RPM commands

to surface : mud pulse telemetry (via MWD)

Tool sizes : 850 (8-1/2)

1225 (12-1/4)

Max. performance : 8/100 ft

Internal Use Only

Sperry Drilling Services

EZ-Pilot
System 850
Tool OD --------------------- 6-3/4
Min. kick-off angle -------- 0
Design performance ----- 8/100 ft
RPM, max. ----------------- 280
Flow max., gpm ----------- 1,400
Working temp. max., F - 302 (150C)
Incl. accuracy @ 2 ------ 0.1
Incl. measuring range --- 0-100

System 1225
8
0
8/100 ft
280
1,400
257 (125 C)
0.1
0-100

Internal Use Only

Sperry Drilling Services

GeoPilot

Principle of operation : point-the-bit

Tool sizes : 9600, 7600 and 5200 systems

Features : Azimuthal gamma 3 ft from the bit (Series II.)
Cruise control (Series II.)

9600 system is used in

7600
5200

12-1/4 17-1/2 holes

8-3/8 10-5/8
6 6-3/4

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only

The Point-The-Bit Principle Of Operation

shaft

cantilever bearing
prevents shaft from
bending above it

eccentric rings
bend shaft

drill bit tilts in

focal bearing opposite direction of bend
creating a toolface
allows bit to tilt

Internal Use Only

Shaft Deflection By Eccentric Rings

Drilling Fluid

Shaft

Outer Eccentric Ring

Inner Eccentric Ring
Housing

Toolface Direction

Supports

Internal Use Only

The Principle

Rotating Shaft is
deflected in center
between bearings
with dual eccentric
cams
Results in bit tilt in
opposite direction

Internal Use Only

Deflecting Mechanism
Neutral
Position

Maximum
Deflection

Internal Use Only

Intermediate
Deflection

System Description

2nd Generation - Point-the-Bit

Capable of utilizing long gauge bits
Tool Length - 20 ft. + 10 ft. flex collar
At-Bit Inclination (ABI) - 3 ft. from bit
- 3-axis Azim Gamma
6 of 8 electronics boards come from proven
Sperry-Sun LWD tools
Completely integrated into LWD system for realtime data transmission
2-way tool comms from surface (GeoSpan)
Backup tool comms via RPM and pump sequences

Internal Use Only

Operating Considerations
7600 System

Hole Size : 8-3/8 to 8-7/8 (requires rebuild for each size)

Max run life with continuous orientations : 200+ hours

(Li Battery Powered)

MWD configuration required :

Downhole SSDS FEWD interface

Directional module
Smart driver controller
HCIM

Surface uses INSITE system

Internal Use Only

Performance Data
7600 System

Max Flow Rate

Max Build Rate
Max Drop Rate
Max Turn Rate
Max Build Rate,Phase-B

650 gpm
4.38/100 ft
5.20/100 ft
5.00/100 ft
6-7/100 ft

Note : Bend aggressiveness can be adjusted prior to run from

0-100%. 100% corresponds to numbers above

Internal Use Only

Performance Data
5200 System

Max Flow Rate

Min. Steering Angle
Design performance
Max DLS when Sliding
Max DLS when Reaming
RPM Range
Max Operating Temperature

5,000 lb/min
15
10/100 ft
25/100 ft
14/100 ft
60 - 180
284F (140C)

Note : Bend aggressiveness can be adjusted prior to run from

0-100%. 100% corresponds to numbers above

Internal Use Only

Mechanical Performance
7600 System

Max Weight On Bit

Max Torque
Max Overpull
Ultimate Overpull
Max RPM
Length

Note: Phase B uses larger bent mechanics

55,000 lb.f
20,000 ft.lbs
275,000 lbs
575,000 lbs
250
18

Internal Use Only

Sensor Locations and Accuracy

ABI is 3 from bottom of tool

Sensor accuracy +/- 0.1 @ 2
(rotation-off condition while surveying).
System accuracy +/- 0.3 @ 2
All other FEWD sensors go on top of 18 tool and
sensor points are standard from that point upward

Internal Use Only

Uplink For Data

GeoSpan
High frequency
pulses

measured data

Internal Use Only

SPP

Downlink For Data

GeoSpan
SPP

low
frequency
pulses

commands
Discharge line

Internal Use Only

GeoPilot Control Loop

GeoSpan
Closed loop for TF and deflection %
only
Inclination and AZ controlled by DD

High frequency
pulses

SPP

low
frequency
pulses

Open (manual),
or closed loop
control

measured data
commands
Discharge line

IADC / SPE 74458

Internal Use Only

The Downlink Unit

GeoSpan

Internal Use Only

BackupCommunication Sequence

MODE 1
straight position

Pumps
Rotary
Start rotary first, pumps in 20 sec.
Pumps

MODE 2
oriented, same TF

Rotary
Pumps first, rotary in < 1 minute
Set New TF

MODE 3
oriented, new TF

Pumps
Rotary

Pumps first, rotary in > 1 minute

TIME (minutes)

Internal Use Only

Environmental Specifications

Max Temperature:
Max Pressure:
Max Vibration:
Mud Types:

140C
18,000 psi
20 g rms 5-500 Hz
Water / Oil (Invert)
no 2 phase mud !

Internal Use Only

GeoPilot

Internal Use Only

Prepared For Running

Internal Use Only

Reference Stabilizer

Internal Use Only

At-Bit-Inclination Insert Shake & Bake Test

Internal Use Only

Electronics / Lithium Battery Insert

Internal Use Only

Drilling Test

Internal Use Only

Drilling Test On Concrete Block

Picture shows Dec.1998

test
Highside / Lowside slot
entrances

Internal Use Only

Exit Points On 64 Concrete Block

Highside exit hole at end of

64 concrete block

Lowside exit hole at end of 64

concrete block. Almost drilled
through the floor!

Internal Use Only

41
appro
x.

Build/Drop Performance in
Concrete Drilling Test, Dec. 18, 1998
Inclination (Degrees)

93.0

4.38/100' Build Rate

92.0
91.0

HighSide

90.0

LowSide

89.0
88.0
87.0

5.2/100' Drop Rate

86.0
0

20

40

Measured Depth (Feet)

Internal Use Only

60

80

Field Test No. 1 Tripping Out Of The Hole

Amoco, Caroline Jan. 28-30, 1999

Internal Use Only

Field Test No. 2 Filling The Tool

Catoosa, Oklahoma May 10, 1999

System drilled from

52 to horizontal with
excellent
performance results

Internal Use Only

SlickBore Bit

Internal Use Only

What A Bit..!

Internal Use Only

The GeoPilot Is
Ready To Go

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only