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    Classification OF Malocclusion: Presenter: Sapeedeh Afzal. ROLL # 10 Group: A

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    Sorin
    This document provides an overview of various systems for classifying malocclusion. It begins with definitions of malocclusion and occlusion. Angle's 1899 classification is described, which categorizes malocclusion into Classes I, II, and III based on molar relationships. Modifications and additional systems are then outlined, including modifications by Lischer and Dewey, Andrew's six keys, skeletal classification, British standard incisor classification, canine classification, Simon's classification using cranial planes, and Ackerman and Proffit's five-characteristic system. Rotational axes are also discussed as an addition to classification.

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    Classification OF Malocclusion: Presenter: Sapeedeh Afzal. ROLL # 10 Group: A

    Uploaded by

    Sorin
    81 views49 pages
    This document provides an overview of various systems for classifying malocclusion. It begins with definitions of malocclusion and occlusion. Angle's 1899 classification is described, which categorizes malocclusion into Classes I, II, and III based on molar relationships. Modifications and additional systems are then outlined, including modifications by Lischer and Dewey, Andrew's six keys, skeletal classification, British standard incisor classification, canine classification, Simon's classification using cranial planes, and Ackerman and Proffit's five-characteristic system. Rotational axes are also discussed as an addition to classification.

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    This document provides an overview of various systems for classifying malocclusion. It begins with definitions of malocclusion and occlusion. Angle's 1899 classification is described, which categorizes malocclusion into Classes I, II, and III based on molar relationships. Modifications and additional systems are then outlined, including modifications by Lischer and Dewey, Andrew's six keys, skeletal classification, British standard incisor classification, canine classification, Simon's classification using cranial planes, and Ackerman and Proffit's five-characteristic system. Rotational axes are also discussed as an addition to classification.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    81 views49 pages

    Classification OF Malocclusion: Presenter: Sapeedeh Afzal. ROLL # 10 Group: A

    Uploaded by

    Sorin
    This document provides an overview of various systems for classifying malocclusion. It begins with definitions of malocclusion and occlusion. Angle's 1899 classification is described, which categorizes malocclusion into Classes I, II, and III based on molar relationships. Modifications and additional systems are then outlined, including modifications by Lischer and Dewey, Andrew's six keys, skeletal classification, British standard incisor classification, canine classification, Simon's classification using cranial planes, and Ackerman and Proffit's five-characteristic system. Rotational axes are also discussed as an addition to classification.

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    CLASSIFICATION

    OF
    MALOCCLUSION
    PRESENTER: SAPEEDEH
    AFZAL.
    ROLL # 10
    GROUP : A

    ROAD MAP
    WHAT IS MALOCCLUSION?
    NEED OR USES FOR CLASSIFICATION.
    SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION & TERMINOLOGIES.
    ANGLES CLASSIFICATION.
    MODIFICATIONS OF ANGLES
    CLASSIFICATION.
    ANDREWS SIX KEYS.
    SKELETAL CLASSIFICATION.
    BRITISH STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF
    INCISOR RELATIONSHIP.
    CANINE CLASSIFICATION.
    SIMONS CLASSIFICATION.
    ACKERMAN & PROFFIT CLASSIFICATION.

    OCCLUSION
    WHEN THE TEETH IN THE
    MANDIBULAR ARCH COME INTO
    CONTACT WITH THOSE IN THE
    MAXILLARY ARCH IN ANY
    FUNCTIONAL RELATION, ARE
    SAID TO BE IN OCCLUSION.
    (WHEELERS)

    WHAT IS
    MALOCCLUSION..??

    A CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS A


    DEFLECTION FROM THE NORMAL RELATION
    OF THE TEETH TO OTHER TEETH IN THE SAME
    ARCH AND/OR TO TEETH IN THE OPPOSING
    ARCH. (GARDINER, WHITE & LEIGHTON)

    NEED FOR
    CLASSIFICATION

    Grouping of orthodontic problems.


    Location of problems to be treated.
    Diagnosis & treatment plan.
    Comparison of different types of
    malocclusion.
    For self-communication.
    Documentation of problems.
    Used for epidemiological studies.
    Assessment of treatment effects of
    orthodontic appliances.

    QUESTIONNA
    IRE,
    INTERVIEW
    CLINICAL
    EXAMINATIO
    N
    ANALYSIS
    OF
    DIAGNOSTI
    C RECORDS

    DAT
    A
    BAS
    E

    CLASSIFICATION
    PROBLEM LIST =
    DIAGNOSIS

    METHODS OF
    CLASSIFICATION OF
    MALOCCLUSION
    CAN BE BROADLY DIVIDED INTO TWO
    TYPES
    QUANTITATI
    VE &
    QUALITATIV
    E TYPES OF
    MALOCCLUS
    ION

    INTRAARCH &
    INTERARCH
    PROBLEMS

    MALOCCLUSION: INTRAARCH & INTER-ARCH


    PROBLEMS
    INTRA-ARCH
    PROBLEMS (INDIVIDUAL
    OR GROUPS OF TEETH)

    MALOCCLUSION: INTRAARCH & INTER-ARCH


    PROBLEMS
    INTER-ARCH PROBLEMS

    ANGLES CLASSIFICATION
    OF MALOCCLUSION
    In 1899 Edward H. Angle
    published the first
    classification of malocclusion.
    The classifications are based
    on the relationship of the
    mesiobuccal cusp of the
    maxillary first molar and the
    buccal groove of the
    mandibular first molar.

    ANGLES CLASSIFICATION
    OF MALOCCLUSION
    CLASS I
    MALOCCLUSIO
    N
    DIVISION
    1

    CLASS II
    MALOCCLUSIO
    N
    DIVISIO
    N2

    CLASS III
    MALOCCLUSION

    SUB-DIVISION

    CLASS III

    PSEU
    DO
    CLASS
    III

    SUBDIVISION

    CLASS I
    MALOCCLUSION

    THE MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF THE UPPER FIRST


    PERMANENT MOLAR OCCLUDES WITH THE
    MESIOBUCCAL GROOVE OF THE LOWER FIRST
    MOLAR, BUT LINE OF OCCLUSION IS INCORRECT
    BECAUSE OF MALPOSED TEETH, ROTATIONS OR
    OTHER DISCREPANCIES.

    CLASS II
    MALOCLUSION

    THE MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF THE LOWER


    FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR OCCLUDES
    DISTAL TO THE CLASS I POSITION.

    CLASS II DIVISION
    Condition when class II molar
    relationship is present
    with proclined
    1
    upper central incisors.
    There is an increase in overjet.

    CLASS II DIVISION
    Condition when class II molar
    relationship2
    is present with
    retroclined upper central incisors,
    upper lateral incisors may be
    proclined or normally inclined.
    Overjet is usually minimal or may be
    increased.

    CLASS II SUBDIVISION

    Condition when the class II molar


    relationship exists on only one
    side with normal molar
    relationship on the other side.

    CLASS III
    MALOCCLUSION
    THE MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF THE
    LOWER FIST MOLAR OCCLUDES
    MESIAL TO THE CLASS I POSITION.

    PSEUDO CLASS III


    MALOCCLUSION
    Due to occlusal prematurity, when the
    mandible moves from rest position to
    occlusion, it slides forward into a
    pseudo class III position. Its also
    known as postural class III.

    CLASS III SUBDIVISION


    Condition in which class III molar
    relationship is present only on one
    side with normal relation on the other
    side.

    MODIFICATIONS OF
    ANGLES CLASSIFICATION
    There are two modifications of
    Angles classification
    1.Lischers modification.
    2.Deweys modification.

    LISCHERS
    MODIFICATION
    He introduced following names
    to the Angles classification:
    Neutrocclusion- Class I.
    Distocclusion- Class II.
    Mesiocclusion- Class III

    DEWEYS
    MODIFICATION
    (1915)
    Martin Dewey divided Angles class I &
    III into further types:

    CLASS I:
    Type 1: Crowded maxillary anterior teeth.
    Canines may be abnormally positioned.
    Type 2: Proclined or labioversion of
    maxillary incisors.
    Type 3: Anterior cross bite present.
    Type 4: Posterior cross bite present.
    Type 5: Mesioversion of molars.

    DEWEYS
    MODIFICATION
    CLASS III:
    Type 1: Well aligned teeth & dental
    arches. Edge-edge relationship.
    Type 2: Crowded mandibular incisors.
    Type 3: Crowded maxillary incisors,
    underdeveloped maxilla. Anterior cross
    bite present.

    ANDREWS SIX KEYS (1970)


    Andrew extended Angles classification:
    1.Correct molar relationship.
    2.Correct crown angulations.
    3.Correct crown inclination i.e. Class I incisor
    relationship.
    4.No rotation present.
    5.Teeth in tight contact with no spacing.
    6.Occlusal plane/ curve of spee should be flat i.e.
    it should not be deeper than 1.5mm.
    7.No tooth size discrepancies. (Bannet &
    McLanghlans)

    SKELETAL
    CLASSIFICATION
    It considered
    relationship
    between maxilla
    & mandible, in
    antero-posterior
    direction.

    CLASS I:
    Maxilla &
    mandible are in
    harmony with
    each other.

    SKELETAL
    CLASSIFICATION
    CLASS II:
    Maxilla lies
    ahead of
    mandible with
    refrence to
    anteroir
    cranial base.
    In other words
    maxilla is
    prgnated.

    SKELETAL
    CLASSIFICATION
    CLASS III:
    Maxilla lies
    posterior to
    mandible with
    reference to
    anterior
    cranial base.
    In other words
    maxilla is
    retrognathed.

    BRITISH STANDARD
    CLASSIFICATION OF INCISOR
    RELATIONSHIP
    (1983)
    Based upon incisor relationship,
    proposed in 1983. Do not consider
    molar relationship in some cases.
    CLASS I:
    The lower incisor edges occlude with
    or lie immediately below the
    cingulum plateau of upper central
    incisors.

    BRITISH STANDARD
    CLASSIFICATION OF INCISOR
    RELATIONSHIP
    CLASS II:
    The lower incisor edges lie posterior
    to the cingulum plateau of the upper
    incisors.
    There are two sub-divisions:
    DIVISION 1:
    The upper central incisors are proclined
    or of average inclination & there is an
    increase in overjet.

    DIVISION 2:
    The upper central incisors are retroclined.
    The overjet is usually minimal or may be
    increased.

    BRITISH STANDARD
    CLASSIFICATION OF INCISOR
    RELATIONSHIP
    CLASS III:
    The lower incisor edges
    lies anterior to the
    cingulum plateau of the
    upper incisors. The
    overjet is reduced or
    reversed.

    CANINE
    CLASSIFICATION
    CLASS I :
    When the mesial slope of upper
    canine coincides with the distal
    slope of lower canine.

    CANINE
    CLASSIFICATION
    CLASS II :
    When the mesial slope of upper
    canine is ahead of the distal slope
    of lower canine.

    CANINE
    CLASSIFICATION
    Class III :
    When the mesial slope of the upper
    canine lies behind the distal slope
    of the lower canine.

    SIMONS CLASSIFICATION
    (1926)
    In Simons classification system,
    the dental arches are related to
    three anthropologic planes.
    PLANES USED:
    Frankfort horizontal plane or eyeear-plane.
    Orbital plane.
    Raphe median plane or mid-saggital
    plane.

    SIMONS
    CLASSIFICATION

    FRANKFORT
    HORIZONTAL PLANE:

    -Helps detect
    deviations in the
    vertical plane.
    -Dental arch closer to
    the plane is called
    attraction and farther
    away is called
    abstraction.

    SIMONS
    CLASSIFICATION

    ORBITAL PLANE:
    -Helps to detect

    deviations in the
    transverse plane.
    -Dental arch more
    anteriorly placed is
    called protraction and
    posteriorly placed dental
    arch is called retraction.

    SIMONS
    CLASSIFICATION
    MID-SAGGITAL PLANE:
    - Helps to detect
    deviations in the
    saggital plane.
    - Dental arch closer to
    mid-saggital plane is
    called contraction and
    farther away is called
    distraction.

    ACKERMAN & PROFFIT


    CLASSIFICATION (1960)
    It was proposed to overcome the
    drawbacks of Angles
    classification.
    This system includes Angles
    classification & five
    characteristics of malocclusion
    within a Venn diagram.

    FIVE MAJOR
    CHARACTERISTICS

    ADDITION TO THE FIVECHARACTERISTICS


    CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
    Two things particularly help this
    more thorough analysis:
    1. Esthetic line of occlusion.
    2. Rotational axes.

    1. ESTHETIC LINE OF
    OCCLUSION

    In modern analysis, another


    curved line characterizing
    the appearance of the
    dentition is important.
    Esthetic line of occlusion,
    follows the facial edges of the
    maxillary anterior and
    posterior teeth.

    2. ROTATIONAL
    AXES
    In addition to relationship in the transverse,
    antero-posterior and vertical planes of
    space used in traditional 3-D analysis,
    rotations around axes perpendicular to
    three planes also must be evaluated.
    Its a useful way to evaluate the
    relationship of the teeth to the soft tissues
    that frame their display.
    Pitch.
    Roll.
    Yaw.

    ROTATIONAL AXES
    PITCH:

    The vertical relationship


    of the teeth to the lips &
    cheeks can be
    conventionally described
    as up-down deviations
    around the anteroposterior axes.
    Evaluated clinically & from
    cephalometric
    radiographs.

    ROLL:

    Roll describes the vertical


    position of the teeth when
    this is different on the
    right & left sides.
    Viewed as up-down
    deviations around the
    transverse axes.
    Its seen with lips relaxed
    and more clearly on smile,
    in both frontal and oblique
    views.
    YAW:

    Rotation of the jaw or


    dentition to one side or the
    other, around a vertical
    axes, produces a skeletal or
    dental midline discrepancy.
    Viewed as left-right
    deviations around the
    vertical axes.

    REFRENCES
    CONTEMPORARY ORTHODONTICS,
    WILLIAM R. PROFFIT (5TH. EDITION)
    INTRODUCTION TO ORTHODONTICS,
    LAURA MITCHELL (3RD. EDITION)
    ORTHODONTICS, PREM KUMAR (2ND.
    EDITION)

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