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Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

This document provides an overview of Wireless Local Loop (WLL) technology. It discusses WLL objectives, architecture, technologies, transmission methods, and considerations. The key points are: WLL uses radio transmission to connect subscribers to telecom networks instead of traditional copper or fiber wiring. It provides voice, fax and data services to stationary users. The architecture includes a Wireless Access Network Unit connecting to the phone network and Wireless Access Subscriber Units located at user sites. Common technologies are satellite-based and cellular-based systems. Transmission depends on data type, with burst data using TDMA and voice/video using FDMA or TDD. Propagation is affected by factors like frequency absorption, rain attenuation, and availability

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745 views26 pages

Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

This document provides an overview of Wireless Local Loop (WLL) technology. It discusses WLL objectives, architecture, technologies, transmission methods, and considerations. The key points are: WLL uses radio transmission to connect subscribers to telecom networks instead of traditional copper or fiber wiring. It provides voice, fax and data services to stationary users. The architecture includes a Wireless Access Network Unit connecting to the phone network and Wireless Access Subscriber Units located at user sites. Common technologies are satellite-based and cellular-based systems. Transmission depends on data type, with burst data using TDMA and voice/video using FDMA or TDD. Propagation is affected by factors like frequency absorption, rain attenuation, and availability

Uploaded by

Khiz Jabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IT-3303-3

Broadband Networks
Punjab University College of Information Technology,
University of the Punjab.

Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

Objectives

Wireless Local Loop (WLL)


Advantages of WLL
WLL Architecture
WLL Technologies
WLL-OAM management Functions
Upstream Transmission
Downstream Transmission
Propagation Consideration for WLL
Effect of Rain

Wireless Local Loop (WLL)


Local loop/ Subscriber line/ Last mile
Wireless Local Loop (WLL) is a new
communications access method that uses radio
waves for transmission of information between
customers and service provider sites, rather
than traditional fixed methods such as copper
or fiber optic delivery.
WLL is a system that connects subscribers to
the local telephone station wirelessly.
WLL can be used to provide voice, fax, and data
connections.

WLL
Wireless
local
loop
provides
two-way
communication services to stationary or nearstationary users within a small service area.
This technology is intended to replace the
wireline local loop.

WLL
Wireless local loop (WLL)
Narrowband offers a replacement for
existing telephony services
Broadband provides high-speed two-way
voice and data service
Other names
Radio In The Loop (RITL)
Fixed-Radio Access (FRA).

Services delivered over WLL


Wireless Local Loop, offers a range of services
up to a maximum of 6Mbs
IP Line - always-on Internet access.
Leased line to connect 2 sites for example for
LAN Interconnect and Video Conferencing.
Frame Relay - for data networks between
multiple sites.
ISDN (PRI) - 30 digital channels which can be
used for voice, Internet or voice conferencing.

Advantages of WLL
Wireless
local
loop
offers
following
advantages over wireline local loop:
Cost: Wireless systems are less expensive
than wired systems with the cost of
installing cables, either underground or on
poles, and avoided the cost of maintaining
the wired infrastructure.
Ease of Installation and deployment
WLL systems can be installed and deployed
easily.

Advantages of WLL
Installation time: WLL systems can be
installed in a small fraction of the time required
for a new wired system. WLL eliminates the
wires, poles, and ducts essential for a wireline
network; in other words the WLL approach
significantly speeds the installation process.
WLL
Applications:
WLL
systems
find
applications in competitive telecommunications
markets, in developing telecommunications
markets, and in rural and remote markets that
would
not
be
economically
served
by
conventional wireline access technologies.

How wireless local loop works


Wireless local loop phones in homes, offices connect
with a wireless system in a manner similar to that of
CDMA cell phones. The difference is that WLL phones
usually stay in a relatively fixed location.
WLL phones often connect to AC current rather than
using batteries.
The telephone company will install a small antenna
on the customers building, the size and shape of
which will not require planning permission to be
obtained.
Direct line of sight is required between the customer
antenna and the nearest base station antenna.

WLL Architecture

WANU

UWLL

Transceiver

WASU

AWLL
Trunk

PSTN

Switch
function

WLL
Controller

AM
HLR

Air
Interface

TWLL

WLL Architecture
The architecture consists of three major
components:
Wireless Access Network Unit (WANU)
Wireless Access Subscriber Unit (WASU)
Switching Function (SF)

WLL Architecture
Wireless Access Network Unit (WANU)
Interface between underlying telephone
network and wireless link
consists of
Base Station Transceivers (BTS)
Radio Ports (RP)
Radio Port Controller Unit (RPCU)
Access Manager (AM)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Wireless Access Subscriber Unit (WASU)
located at the subscriber
translates wireless link into a traditional
telephone connection

WLL Architecture

SU

Terminal

RP

RPCU

Intermediate
Network

Remote
Network

IWF

Host

Generalized network architecture for wireless-to-wireline data interworking

Wireless Local Loop Technologies


Systems WLL is based on:
Satellite-Based Systems
Cellular-Based Systems

WLL OAM Management Functions


WLL-OAM
describe
the
WLL
Operation,
Administration and Maintenance functions.
Written in 35,000 lines of C++ code, WLL-OAM
provides the OAM services necessary to control and
monitor the equipment in a DECT WLL system.
The network elements managed by WLL-OAM are:
WANU, including the base station controller (BSC)
and radio base station (RBS)
WASU, called radio network termination (RNT)
Customer premise equipment (CPE; e.g., a
telephone set) connected to the RNT.

Transmission Mechanism on Air Interface


WLL standard specifies two modes of operation,
one targeted to support a continuous
transmission stream (mode A), such as audio or
video, and one targeted to support a burst
transmission stream (mode B), such as IP-base
traffic.

Bursty Data Transmission - Upstream and


Downstream
In upstream and downstream direction, data
(burst data) transmission uses a DAMA-TDMA
(demand assignment multiple access time
division multiple access) technique.

Voice and Video Transmission Downstream and Upstream


For voice and video transmission FAMA-FDMA
(fixed assignment multiple accessfrequency
division multiple access) scheme is used.
This is equivalent to a FDD (frequency division
duplex).
FDD simply means that a different frequency
band is used for transmission in each direction.
FDD implies that all subscribers can transmit
and receive simultaneously, each on their own
assigned frequencies.

Voice and Video Transmission Downstream and Upstream


There are also some other methods that can be
used:
Time Division Duplexing (TDD): A TDMA
frame is used, with part of the time allocated for
upstream
transmission
and
part
for
downstream transmission.
FDD with adaptive modulation: This is the
same FDD, but with a dynamic capability to
change the modulation and error correction
schemes.

Propagation Considerations for


WLL
For most high speed WLL schemes,
frequencies in what is referred to as the
millimeter wave region are used.
Frequencies above 10 GHz up to about
300 GHz, are considered to be in the
millimeter wave region.

Atmospheric Absorption
Radio waves at frequencies above 10 GHz are
subject to molecular absorption
Peak of water vapor absorption at 22 GHz
Peak of oxygen absorption near 60 GHz
Favorable windows for communication:
From 28 GHz to 42 GHz
From 75 GHz to 95 GHz

Effect of Rain
Attenuation due to rain
Presence of raindrops can severely degrade the
reliability and performance of communication links
The effect of rain depends on drop shape, drop size, rain
rate, and frequency
Estimated attenuation due to rain:

A aR

A = attenuation (dB/km)
R = rain rate (mm/hr)
a and b depend on drop sizes and frequency

Comparison
WLL

Mobile Wireless

Wireline Local Loop

Narrow
beam Omni
directional Expensive wires
directed antennas
antennas
High Channel reuse

Less Channel reuse

Reuse Limited by wiring

Simple design

Expensive to design, Expensive to build and


build, power control
maintain

Low in-premises
High
mobility Low in-premises mobility,
mobility, easy access allowed, easy access wiring of distant areas
cumbersome
Weather
effects,
reliable

conditions Weather
not
very effects,
reliable

conditions Very reliable


Not
very

Reference Material

Wireless and Mobile Network Architecture


by YiBing Lin
Wireless Communications and Networks
by William Stallings

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