october 6,2015

BACKUP

Overview
Backup

Purpose

1. Disaster Recovery

Backup

Consideration

2. Operational Backup
3. Archival

Backup

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Granularity

10/6/2015

What is a Backup?
Backup

is an additional copy of data that can be used for

restore and recovery purposes

The

Backup copy is used when the primary copy is lost or

corrupted

This

Backup copy can be created by:

Simply coping data (there can be one or more copies)

Mirroring data (the copy is always updated with whatever is written
to the primary copy).
Remote backup(A copy from the primary storage is done directly
to the backup media that is sitting on another site).
Copy then duplicate or remote copy.
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10/6/2015

Reasons for a Backup Plan

Hardware
Human

Failures

Factors

Application
Security

Failures

Breaches

Disasters
Regulatory

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and Business Requirements

10/6/2015

How does Backup Work,

Clients

Servers
Backup Clients

Backup Server
& Storage Node

Metadata
Catalog

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Disk
Storage

Data Set
Tape
Backup

10/6/2015

 The

following represents a typical Backup process:

The Backup Server initiates the backup process (starts the

backup application).
The Backup Server sends a request to a server to send me your
data.
The server sends the data to the Backup Server and/or Storage
Node.
The Storage Node sends the data to the tape storage device and
the Backup Server begins building the catalog (metadata) of
the backup session.
When all of the data has been transferred from the server to the
Backup Server, the Backup Server writes the catalog to a disk file
and closes the connection to the tape device.
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10/6/2015

Backup Purpose
Operational

Data sets on primary media (disk) up to the point where most

restore requests are satisfied, then moved to secondary storage
(tape).
Disaster

Recovery

Driven by the organizations disaster recovery policy

Portable media (tapes) sent to an offsite location / vault.

Replicated over to an offsite location (disk).

Backed up directly to the offsite location (disk, tape or emulated tape).

Archiving

Driven by the organizations policy.

Dictated by regulatory requirements
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10/6/2015

Backup Considerations
Customer

business needs determine:

What are the restore requirements RPO & RTO?

Where and when will the restores occur?
What are the most frequent restore requests?
Which data needs to be backed up?
How frequently should data be backed up?

hourly, daily, weekly, monthly

How long will it take to backup?

How many copies to create?
How long to retain backup copies?

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Backup Granularity
Full Backup

Cumulative (Differential)

Incremental

Full
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Cumulative

Incremental
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Restoring from Incremental Backup

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

File 4

File 3

File 5

Incremental

Incremental

Incremental

Files 1, 2, 3

Full Backup

Files 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Production

Key

Features

Files that have changed since the last backup are backed up
Fewest amount of files to be backed up, therefore faster
backup and less storage space
Longer restore because last full and all subsequent
incremental backups must be applied
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Following is an example of an incremental backup and restore:

1.A full backup of the business data is taken on Monday evening. Each day
after that, an incremental backup is taken. These incremental backups only
backup files that are new or that have changed since the last full or
incremental backup.
2.On Tuesday, a new file is added, File 4. No other files have changed. Since
File 4 is a new file added after the previous backup on Monday evening, it
will be backed up Tuesday evening.
3.On Wednesday, there are no new files added since Tuesday, but File 3 has
changed. Since File 3 was changed after the previous evening backup
(Tuesday), it will be backed up Wednesday evening.
4.On Thursday, no files have changed but a new file has been added, File 5.
Since File 5 was added after the previous evening backup, it will be backed
up Thursday evening.
5.On Friday morning, there is a data corruption, so the data must be restored
from tape.
a.The first step is to restore the full backup from Monday evening. Then,
every incremental backup that was done since the last full backup must be
applied, which, in this example, means the:
b.Tuesday,
c. Wednesday, and
d.Thursday incremental backups.
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Restoring from Cumulative Backup

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

File 4

Files 4, 5

Files 4, 5, 6

Cumulative

Cumulative

Cumulative

Files 1, 2, 3

Full Backup

Files 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Production

Key Features
More files to be backed up, therefore it takes more time to backup
and uses more storage space
Much faster restore because only the last full and the last cumulative
backup must be applied
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The

following is an example of cumulative backup and restore:

1.A

full backup of the data is taken on Monday evening. Each day after that, a
cumulative backup is taken. These cumulative backups backup ALL FILES that
have changed since the LAST FULL BACKUP.

2.On

Tuesday, File 4 is added. Since File 4 is a new file that has been added since
the last full backup, it will be backed up Tuesday evening.

3.On

Wednesday, File 5 is added. Now, since both File 4 and File 5 are files that
have been added or changed since the last full backup, both files will be backed
up Wednesday evening.

4.On

Thursday, File 6 is added. Again, File 4, File 5, and File 6 are files that have
been added or changed since the last full backup; all three files will be backed
up Thursday evening.

5.On

Friday morning, there is a corruption of the data, so the data must be

restored from tape.

a.The first step is to restore the full backup from Monday evening.
b.Then, only the backup from Thursday evening is restored because it contains all the
new/changed files from Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
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Type

Definition

Benefits

Drawbacks

Full Backup:

A complete backup of everything you want to backup.

Restoration is fast, since you only need

one set of backup data.

The backing up process is slow.

High storage requirements.

The backup software looks at which files have changed since you
last did a full backup. Then creates copies of all the files that are
different from the ones in the full backup.
Differential
Backup:

Incremental
Backup:

Faster to create than a full backup.

If you do a differential backup more than once, it will copy all the Restoration is faster than using
files, or parts of files that have changed since the last full backup, incremental backup.
even if you already have identical copies of those files in a
previous differential backup.
Not as much storage needed as in a full
backup.
For restoring all the data, you will only need the the last full
backup, and the last differential backup.

The backup software creates copies of all the files, or parts of files
that have changed since previous backups of any type (full,
differential or incremental).
This method is the fastest when creating
a backup.
For example if you did a full backup on Sunday. An incremental
backup made on Monday, would only contain files changed since The least storage space is needed.
Sunday, and an incremental backup on Tuesday, would only
contain files changed since Monday, and so on.

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Restoration is slower than using a full

backup.
Creating a differential backup is slower
than creating an incremental backup.

Restoring from incremental

backups is the slowest because it
may require several sets of data to
fully restore all the data. For
example if you had a full backup
and six incremental backups. To
restore the data would require you
to process the full backup and all
six incremental backups.

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Thank you!

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