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Tutorial Mathcad

1) The document discusses MathCAD tools for working with vectors, matrices, and solving differential equations. It covers topics like matrix operations, reading matrix elements, vector products, and defining matrices as functions. 2) It describes using the Runge-Kutta 4th order method to numerically solve ordinary differential equations in MathCAD. This involves calculating new points based on intermediate values from nearby points. 3) For systems of differential equations, it involves defining the starting vector, vector function for derivatives, and using rkfixed to return a matrix of solutions over the range of x values.

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davismoody
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
231 views

Tutorial Mathcad

1) The document discusses MathCAD tools for working with vectors, matrices, and solving differential equations. It covers topics like matrix operations, reading matrix elements, vector products, and defining matrices as functions. 2) It describes using the Runge-Kutta 4th order method to numerically solve ordinary differential equations in MathCAD. This involves calculating new points based on intermediate values from nearby points. 3) For systems of differential equations, it involves defining the starting vector, vector function for derivatives, and using rkfixed to return a matrix of solutions over the range of x values.

Uploaded by

davismoody
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSOD

Lecture 2

MathCAD vectors and matrix

MathCAD vectors and matrix

Matrix operations

Multiply by constant
Matrix transpose [ctrl]+[1]
Inverse [^][-][1]
Matrix multiplying
Determinant

MathCAD vectors and matrix

To read the matrix elements Ar, k: key [[] rrow nr, k column nr
e.g. element A1,1 keys: [A][[][1][,][1][=]

To chose matrix column


First column A( A<0>):
keys [A][ctrl]+[6][0]
Default first column number is 0, (to change :
Math/Options/Array Origin)

MathCAD vectors and matrix

Calculations of dot product and cross


product of vectors

MathCAD vectors and matrix

Special definition of matrix elements as a


function of row-column number Mi,j=f(i,j)
E.g. Value of element is equal to product of
column and row number

Constrain: function
arguments have to
be integer

MathCAD 3D graphs
3D graphs of function on the base of matrix : [ctrl]
+[2] [M]

M matrix defined earlier

MathCAD 3D graphs

3D Graphs of function of real type


arguments
Using procedure: CreateMesh(function,
lb_v1, ub_v1, lb_v2, ub_v2, v1grid, v2grid)
Assign result to variable
Plot of the variable similarly to plot of
matrix ([ctrl]+[2])
Boundaries can be the real type numbers. (def. 5,5)

Grids have to be integer type numbers (def. 20)

MathCAD 3D graphs

MathCAD 3D graphs - formating

MathCAD 3D graphs formatting: fill options

MathCAD 3D graphs formatting: fill options

Contours colour
filled

MathCAD 3D graphs formatting: line options

MathCAD 3D graphs formatting: Lighting

MathCAD 3D graphs formatting: Fog and


perspective

MathCAD 3D graphs formatting: Backplane and


Grids

Predefined constants

e = 2,718 natural logarithm base


g = 9,81 m/s2 acceleration of gravity
= 3,142 circle perimeter/diameter ratio

MathCAD equation solving

Single equation (one unknown value)


1. Given-Find method

Input start point of variable


Type "Given"
Type equation with using [=] ([ctrl]+[=])
Type Find(variable)=

MathCAD equation solving


Given-Find solving methods

Linear (function of type c0x0 + c1x1 +...+ cnxn)


starting point do not affects on results, it only defines
size of matrix/vector of the solution.
Nonlinear according to nonlinear equation.
Obtained result could depend on starting point.
Available methods:

Conjugate Gradient
Quasi Newton
Levenberg-Marquardt
Quadratic

The choice of method is automatic by default.


User can choose method from the pop-up menu
over word Find.

MathCAD equation solving

Single equation (one unknown value)


2. Root procedure:
Root(function, variable, low_limit, up_limit)=

Values of function at the bounds must have different signs

or

MathCAD equation solving

Single equation (one unknown value)


2. Root procedure
methods:
1.
2.

Secant method
Mueller method (2nd order polynomial)

y1

x4 x2 y 2
x2
y3

x3

x5
x4

x2 x3
y 2 y3

x1

y2

xi 1 xi 1 yi 1

xi 1 xi
yi 1 yi

MathCAD equation solving


Single equation (one unknown value)
3. Special procedure: polyroots for the
polynomials. Argument of procedure is a
vector of polynomial coefficients (a0, a1...).
The result is a vector too.

Methods:
1. Laguerre's method
2. companion matrix

MathCAD, the system of equations solving

The system of linear equations

Solving on the base of matrix toolbar:

Prepare square matrix of equations coefficients


(A) and vector of free terms (B)
Do the operation x:=A-1B and show result: x=

Or
Use the procedure LSOLVE: lsolve(A,B)=

MathCAD, the system of equations solving

MathCAD, the system of equations solving

The system of nonlinear equation

Can be solved using given-find method

Assign starting values to variables


Type Given

Type the equations using = sign (bold)

Type Find(var1, var2,...)=

MathCAD, the system of equations solving

Ordinary differential equations


solving

Numerical methods:

Gives only values not function


Engineer usually needs values
There is no need to make complicated
transformations (e.g. variables separation)
Basic method implemented in MathCAD is
Runge-Kutta 4th order method.

Ordinary differential equations


solving

Numerical methods principle


Calculation involve bounded range of
independent variable only
Every point is being calculated on the base of
one or few points calculated before or given
starting points.
Independent variable is calculated using step:
xi+1 = x i + h = xi+x
Dependent value is calculated according to the
method
yi+1 = y i +y= y i +Ki

Ordinary differential equations


solving

Runge-Kutta 4th order method principles:


New point of the integral is calculated on the
base of one point (given/calculated earlier) and
4 intermediate values k hF x , y
1

1
1

k 2 hF xi h, yi k1
2
2

1
1

k3 hF xi h, yi k 2
2
2

k 4 hF xi h, yi k3
1
k1 2 k2 k3 k 4
6
yi 1 yi K O h 5

MathCAD differential equations

Single, first order differential equation


dy
f ( x, y )
dx

Initial
condition

x x0 , y x x0 y0

1. Assign the initial value of dependent variable


(optionally)
2. Define the derivative function
3. Assign to the new variable the integrating function
rkfixed:
R:=rkfixed(init_v, low_bound, up_bound, num_seg, function)

MathCAD differential equations


4. Result is matrix (table) of two columns: first
contain independent values second dependent ones

x0

y1, 0

x1
R x2

...
x
N

y1,1
y1, 2

...

y1, N

5. To show result as a plot: R<1>@R<0>

MathCAD differential equations

MathCAD differential equations

System of first order differential equations

dy0

f
x
,
y
,
y
0
1
dx

dy1 f x, y , y
0
1
dx

x x0

y0 xx0 y

0
0

y1xx0 y

0
1

1. Assign the vector of initial conditions of dependent


variables (starting vector)
2. Define the vector function of derivatives (right-hand
sides of equations)
3. Assign to the variable function rkfixed:
R:=rkfixed(init_vect, low_bound, up_bound, num_seg, function)

MathCAD differential equations


4. Result is matrix (table) of three columns:
first contain independent values, 2nd first
dependent values, third second ones :
x0 y1,0 y2,0

x1 y1,1 y2,1
R x2 y1, 2 y2, 2

...
... ...
x

y
y
1, N
2, N
N
5. Results as a plot: R<1>,R<2>@ R<0>

MathCAD differential equations

x x0
y0 xx y00
0

y1xx y10
0

MathCAD differential equations


Single second order equation
2

d y
dy

f x, y ,
2
dx
dx

Initial
condition

x x0 , y x x0 y0
dy

dx

y0
x x0

1. Transform the second order equation to the


system of two first order equations:
y z0 ,

dy dz0

z1 ,
dx dx

dz0
dx z1

dz1 f x, z , z
0
1
dx

d 2 y dz1

2
dx
dx
x x0
z0 xx0 z00
z1x x0 z10

MathCAD differential equations


Example:
Solve the second order differential equation
(calculate: values of function and its first
derivatives) given by equation:

d2y
2

x
3 y y
2
dx

While y=10 and y=-1 for x=0


In the range of x=<0,1>

MathCAD differential equations

System of equations

Starting vector

Vectoral function

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