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Starting Out With Programming Logic & Design - Chapter5 - Repetition Structures

Starting Out With Programming Logic & Design - Chapter5_Repetition Structures

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Andrew Carts
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266 views

Starting Out With Programming Logic & Design - Chapter5 - Repetition Structures

Starting Out With Programming Logic & Design - Chapter5_Repetition Structures

Uploaded by

Andrew Carts
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Chapter 5:

Repetition Structures

Starting Out with Programming Logic & Design

Second Edition

by Tony Gaddis

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Chapter Topics
5.1 Introduction to Repetition Structures
5.2 Condition-Controlled Loops: While, DoWhile, and Do-Until
5.3 Count-Controlled Loops and the For
Statement
5.4 Calculating a Running Total
5.5 Sentinels
5.6 Nested Loops
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.1 Introduction to Repetition Structures


A repetition structure causes a statement or set of
statements to execute repeatedly
Allow a programmer to avoid duplicate code
Duplicate code makes a program large
Write a long sequence of statements is time
consuming
If part of the duplicate code has to be corrected or
changed, then the change has to be done many
times
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.2 Condition-Controlled Loops


While Loop
While a condition is true, do some task

Do-While Loop
Do some task, while condition is true

Do-Until Loop
Do some task, while a condition is false (or until
its true)

With all loops, be careful not to create infinite


loops always provide a way to break out
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.2 Condition-Controlled Loops


The While Loop pretest loop
While condition
Statement
Statement
End While
Figure 5-1 The logic of a While
loop

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.2 Condition-Controlled Loops


Working with Modules and Loops
To run a program multiple times, modules can
be put within a loop
Figure 5-5 The main
module of Program 53

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.2 Condition-Controlled Loops


The Do-While Loop posttest loop
Do
Statement
Statement
While condition

Figure 5-8 Flowchart for the main module in


Program 5-4

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

1-7

5.2 Condition-Controlled Loops


The Do-Until Loop
Loop iterates until a condition is true, but not
all languages support this type of loop
Figure 5-10 The logic of a DoUntilloop

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

1-8

5.3 Count-Controlled Loops


A count-controlled loop iterates a specific
number of times
A for loop is best used for this situation
For counterVariable = startingValue to maxValue
statement
statement
End for

There is an Initialization, Test, and Increment


expression that controls the loop

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.3 Count-Controlled Loops


For loops can also increment by more than one,
count backwards by decrementing, or allow
the user to control the number of interactions
The for loop in action
Figure 5-14 Flowchart for Program 5-8

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.3 Count-Controlled Loops


General loop concerns
Do not forget to initialize the loop control
variable
Do not forget to modify the loop control
variable
Many loops are interchangeable, but generally
Use while loop when loop may not have to process
Use do while when it must process at least once
Use for loop with specific number of iterations
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.4 Calculating a Running Total


A running total is a sum of number that
accumulates with each iteration of a loop
Figure 5-19 Flowchart for Program 5-18

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.5 Sentinels
A sentinel is a special value that marks the end of
a list of values, used as stop values for loops
How it can be done
Ask the user at the end of each loop iteration, if
there is another value to process
Ask the user at the beginning of the loop, how
many times the loop should process

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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5.6 Nested Loops


All loops can be nested, that is, a loop inside of a
loop
Figure 5-21 Flowchart for a clock
simulator

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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