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Centre of Development of Advance Computing (C-Dac) : User Defined Function

C user defined functions with nested functions and passing an array and return array to and from function

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Anurag Garg
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40 views21 pages

Centre of Development of Advance Computing (C-Dac) : User Defined Function

C user defined functions with nested functions and passing an array and return array to and from function

Uploaded by

Anurag Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Centre Of Development Of

Advance Computing (CDAC)

USER DEFINED
FUNCTION

CREATED BY:
Anurag Garg
Devesh Pandey
Rajat Saini

Definition

A set of statements working together with common goal is

known as function.
Also known as subprograms which are used to compute a
value or perform a specific task.

Categories of functions

Library functions:
Example:

These are also known as Pre defined functions.


strcat(), sqrt(), pow()

User-Defined functions :

They can be called by the main program repeatedly


as per the requirement.
User defined functions are self-contained blocks of
statements which are written by the user to compute or
perform a task.

Uses of functions :
These are some special uses of function -:

They are very much useful when a block of

statements has to be written/executed again and


again.
They are useful when program size are too large
and complex.
It works like top-down modular programming
technique to solve a problem.
They are also used to reduce the difficulties
during debugging a program.

ELEMENTS OF USER-DEFINED
FUNCTION
In order to make use of user-defined functions,
we need to establish three elements that are related
to functions.

Function declaration
Function definition
Function Call

Function declaration
Syntax:
function_type function_name(arguments list);
Example :
int add(int , int);

Function definition
The function definition is an independent program module that is
specially written or implement the requirements of the function.
main()
{
function1();
.
function2();
}
function1()
{
..
}
function2()
{

function1();
}

Next part by Rajat Saini

Function call
The program that calls the function is referred
to as the calling program or calling functions
Syntax:
function_name(actual parameters);
Example :
add(a,b);
While calling a function, there are two
ways that arguments can be passed to a function:

Function call by value :


The call by value method of passing arguments
to a function copies the actual value of an argument
into the formal parameter of the function.

Example :

/* function definition to swap the

value */
void swap(int x,int y)
{
int temp;
temp = x;
/* save the value of x */
x = y;
/* put y into x */
y = temp;
/* put x into y */
return;
}

Now, let us call the function swap() by


passing actual values :
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int x, int y);
int main ()
{
int a = 100; int b = 200;
printf("Before swap, value of a : %d\n", a );
printf("Before swap, value of b : %d\n", b );
swap(a,b);

/* calling a function to swap the values */

printf("After swap, value of a : %d\n", a );


printf("After swap, value of b : %d\n", b );
return 0;
}

Function call by reference :


The call by reference method of passing arguments
to a function copies the address of an argument into
the formal parameter. Inside the function, the address
is used to access the actual argument used in the call.

Example /* function definition to swap the


values */
:

void swap(int *x, int *y)


{
int temp;
temp = *x; /* save the value at
address x */
*x = *y;
/* put y into x */
*y = temp;
/* put x into y */

Let us call the function swap() by


passing values by reference :
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int *x, int *y);
int main ()
{
int a = 100; int b = 200;
printf("Before swap, value of a : %d\n", a );
printf("Before swap, value of b : %d\n", b );
swap(a,b);
/* calling a function to swap the values.
*/
printf("After swap, value of a : %d\n", a );
printf("After swap, value of b : %d\n", b );
return 0;
}

Function with no arguments &


no return value.
void series( );
main( )
{
series( ); /* function called */
getch( );
}

Functions with arguments & return


value
int series(int , int);
main( )
{
int x , n , r;
printf(Enter x & n);
Scanf(%d%d,&x&n);
r=series(x,n);
printf(Sum of series is %d,r);
getch( );
}

Next part by Anurag Garg

Nesting of Functions

One function using another function inside its body


function1 ( )
{
function2 ( );
//statements
}

NOTE: be careful, nesting of functions can lead to infinite nesting

Recursion

Special case of nesting functions, where a function calls itself inside it


function1 ( )
{
function1 ( );
//statements
}

NOTE: certain condition needed to break out of the recursion,


otherwise recursion is infinite

Passing Array to Functions

We can either have an array in parameter


function (array-name , size );

// calling function with array as argument

void function (int array-name[ ] , int size )


{

//statements

Or, pointer in the parameter list, to hold base address of array.


function (pointer );

// calling function with array as argument

void function (int *pointer )


{

//statements }

Returning Array from Functions

We can either have an extra array in parameter


function (array1 ,array2 , size );

// calling function with two array as argument

void function (int array1[ ] ,int array2[ ], int size )


{

//statements

Or, pointer as a return type , to hold base address of array.


pointer1=function (pointer2 );
void function (int *pointer )
{

//statements }

Thank you

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