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Mix Design of Concrete

This document discusses the mix design process for concrete. It begins by defining mix design and noting its objectives of producing strong, durable and workable concrete economically. Requirements for mix design are then outlined, including compressive strength, workability, durability and aggregate properties. Different types of mixes are also defined such as nominal, standard and design mixes. Key factors affecting mix design like strength, durability, aggregate size and grading are then explained. The document concludes by outlining the step-by-step process for designing a M20 grade concrete mix, including selecting water-cement ratio, calculating cement content, and determining aggregate proportions.

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Shashank Patole
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64 views14 pages

Mix Design of Concrete

This document discusses the mix design process for concrete. It begins by defining mix design and noting its objectives of producing strong, durable and workable concrete economically. Requirements for mix design are then outlined, including compressive strength, workability, durability and aggregate properties. Different types of mixes are also defined such as nominal, standard and design mixes. Key factors affecting mix design like strength, durability, aggregate size and grading are then explained. The document concludes by outlining the step-by-step process for designing a M20 grade concrete mix, including selecting water-cement ratio, calculating cement content, and determining aggregate proportions.

Uploaded by

Shashank Patole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MIX DESIGN OF

CONCRETE

INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION :
The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and
determining their relative amounts with the objective of producing a
concrete of the required, strength, durability, and workability as
economically as possible, is termed the concrete mix design.
concrete mix of inadequate workability may result in a high cost of
labour to obtain a degree of compaction with available equipment.
From technical point of view the rich mixes may lead to high shrinkage
and cracking in the structural concrete, and to evolution of high heat of
hydration in mass concrete which may cause cracking.

REQUIREMENTS OF CONCRETE MIX


DESIGN
The requirements which form the basis of selection and proportioning of
mix ingredients are:
The minimum compressive strength required from structural
consideration
The adequate workability necessary for full compaction with the
compacting equipment available.
Maximum water-cement ratio and/or maximum cement content to give
adequate durability for the particular site conditions
Maximum cement content to avoid shrinkage cracking due to
temperature cycle in mass concrete.

TYPES OF MIXES
A. Nominal Mixes
In the past the specifications for concrete prescribed the proportions
of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. These mixes of fixed cementaggregate ratio which ensures adequate strength are termed nominal
mixes

B. Standard Mixes
IS 456-2000 has designated the concrete mixes into a number of
grades as M10, M15, M20, M25, M30, M35 and M40. In this
designation the letter M refers to the mix and the number to the
specified 28 day cube strength of mix in N/mm2.
C. Design Mixes
In these mixes the performance of the concrete is specified by the
designer but the mix proportions are determined by the producer of
concrete, except that the minimum cement content can be laid down.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN MIX


1. Compressive strength
It is one of the most important properties of concrete and influences many
other describable properties of the hardened concrete. The mean
compressive strength required at a specific age, usually 28 days,
determines the nominal water-cement ratio of the mix
2. Durability
The durability of concrete is its resistance to the aggressive environmental
conditions. High strength concrete is generally more durable than low
strength concrete. In the situations when the high strength is not necessary
but the conditions of exposure are such that high durability is vital, the
durability requirement will determine the water-cement ratio to be used.

3. Maximum nominal size of aggregate


In general, larger the maximum size of aggregate, smaller is the cement
requirement for a particular water-cement ratio, because the workability
of concrete increases with increase in maximum size of the aggregate.
However, the compressive strength tends to increase with decrease in
the size of aggregate. Adjustment in minimum cement ased on the size
of aggregate should be exercised as per IS 456-2000.
4. Grading and type of aggregate
The grading of aggregate influences the mix proportions for a specified
workability and water- cement ratio. Coarser the grading leaner will be
mix which can be used. Very lean mix is not desirable since it does not
contain enough finer material to make the concrete cohesive.

Workability:
The following points related to workability shall be kept in mind
while designing concrete mixes.
The consistency of concrete should no more than that necessary
for placing, compacting and finishing.
For concrete mixes required high consistency at the time of
placing, the use of water-reducing and set-retarding admixtures
should be used rather than the addition of more water
Wherever possible, the cohesiveness and finishibility of concrete
should be improved by increasing sand/ aggregate ratio than by
increasing the proportion of the fine particles in the sand.

STEPS OF DESIGN MIX


(Taking into consideration M20)

1. TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX PROPORTIONING


fck = fck + 1.65 s
Where,
fck = Target average compressive strength at 28 days
fck = Characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
s= Standard deviation
From Table 1: standard deviation, s = 4 N/mm2
Therefore, target strength = 20 + 1.65 x 4 = 26.60 N/mm2.

2. SELECTION OF WATER CEMENT RATIO


From Table 5 of IS:456-2000,
maximum water cement ratio = 0.55 (mild exposure)
Based on experience adopt water cement ratio as 0.40
0.5 < 0.55, hence ok

3. SELECTION OF WATER CONTENT

From Table-2 of IS:456-2000, , maximum water content = 186 litres (for


25mm 50mm slump range and for 20 mm aggregates)
Estimated water content for 75 mm slump = 186 + 3/100 x186 = 191.6 litres
If super plasticiser is used, the water content can be reduced up to 20
percent

4. CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT


Water cement ratio = 0.50
Cement content =estimated water content /0.50
191.6/0.5 = 383 kg/m3 > 320 kg/m3 (given)

5. PROPORTION OF VOLUME OF COARSE AGGREGATE AND FINE


AGGREGATE CONTENT
From Table 3 IS 456
volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm size aggregate and fine
aggregate (Zone I) for water-cement ratio of 0.50 =0.60
In the present case w/c= 0.50. The volume of coarse aggregate is required to be
increased to decrease the fine aggregate content.

6. MIX CALCULATIONS
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows
a) Volume of concrete = 1 m3
b) Volume of cement = [Quantity of cement/specific gravity] x [1/1000]
= [383/3.05] x [1/1000] = 0.126 m3
c) Volume of water
= [Quantity of water/1] x [1/1000]
= [192/1] x [1/1000] = 0.192 m3
d) Volume of chemical admixture = [Quantity of admixture/specific gravity] x [1/1000]
e) Volume of all in aggregates (e) =a (b + c + d)
= 1 - (0.126 + 0.192) = 0.682 m3
f) Quantity of coarse aggregates = e x Volume of Coarse Aggregate x specific gravity
of Coarse Aggregate
= 0.682 x 0.62 x 2.68 x 1000 = 1133 kg

g) Quantity of fine aggregates = e x Volume of Fine Aggregate x specifickg gravity of


Fine Aggregate
= 0.682 x 0.38 x 2.66 x 1000 = 689 kg

MIX PROPORTION FOR TRAIL:


Cement : 383 kg/m3
Water : 192 kg/m3
Fine aggregate : 689 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate : 1133 kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
Yield :2397 kg

THANK YOU

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