Co Course

Agenda u

Chapters 1 through 8

Day 2

Chapters 9 through 17

Day 3

Chapters 18 through 20
Sections from Chapters 21 through 26

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Day 1

Chapter 1 Chapter 1

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About the Course

O Objectives

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Access data created in GeoFrame

Access and display the different data in CPS3
Load and Display ASCII Data
Create Basemaps
Understand and choose gridding parameters
Create Displays of geological grid models
Perform surface logic & math operations
Execute pre-defined macros
Edit surfaces, faults and data with Model Editor
Create custom palettes with Color Palette Editor
Perform simple map editing

Cha Chapter

GulFaks Training Data

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Data Inventory Data

Inventory

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Location Data
2D Locations
3D Locations
Well Locations, and Paths
Interpretation Data
5 Horizons
Fault Segments
Property Grids
Lease Polygons
ASCII files

Chapter 3 Chapter 3

Introduction to GulFaks GeoFrame Project

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Project location

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North Sea

Well
Locations

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Fault Patterns

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Reservoir Geometry

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Introduction t Introduction to GulFaks Project o

CPS3 Project

GeoFrame 4.0.4
CPS3 Project

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Introduction to GulFaks Project n to GulFaks Project

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CPS3 Project

Editing Project Parameters g Project Parameters

CPS3 Project
CPS3 Project

UTM
European 1950, Norway & Finland

Int24

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metric

Changing Time M Changing Time

Measurement

Metric

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Units = metric

Time = ms

Reviewing Reviewing Coordinate System of the

Project

CPs3 Project

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Datum
: European 1950, Norway & Finland
Ellipsoid : Int24
Projection : UTM
UTM Zone : 31
Hemisphere : Northern Tg

Ch Chapter

4
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CPS3 Capabilities

Starting CPS3 Starting CPS3

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C CPS3 Main Windows PS3 Main Windows

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CPS3 Window Info

CPS3 Main Module

Icons Definitions

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CPS3 Independent Modules pendent Modules

Main Module - modeling and mapping tools

Map Editor - simple graphic editing of map sets

Color Palette Editor - customize/ create palette

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Model Editor - comprehensive grid and data editing

Map Editor

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Model Editor

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Color Palette Editor

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CPS3 I CPS3 Independent Module Locations

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Note: Open Tools to see other modules

CPS3 CPS3 Data Management Tools Tools

Control Point Editor interactive spreadsheet editor for Data Sets

Utilities > Sets > Edit Data Sets

Map Layer Manager tool for reorganizing graphic layers of a map

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Subset Reorganizer a fault management tool

Utilities > Sets > Set/Subset Reorganizer

Managing Data g Data

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Control Point Data Editor

Utilities > Sets > Edit Data Set

Set-Subset Reorganizer
Utilities > Sets > Set/Select Reorganizer

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Managing Data Managing Data

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Map Layer Manager

Unix Environment

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User>show Environment

Ex Exercises

Import Supplementary Data Files

File > Import > Project
Select Coordinate System
Click = by Directory
Type directory location of data

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Execute CPS3 & Remove all data components

Utilities > Sets > List_Manage Sets
Select all CPS3 files and delete

Importing Supp Importing Supplementary Data

files

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File > Import > Project

Chapter 5
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CPS3 / GeoFrame Integration

Status of Status of CPS3 in GeoFrame 4.x CPS3 in

GeoFrame 4.x

Geographic Coordinate System

every set created in CPS3 must be associated with a coordinate system
which has been defined in GeoFrame

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CPS Data Storage Library (dsl) & GF Storage

Controlling Data Storage and Retrieval
Accessing GF Data through Data Links

Ch Chapter

6
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CPS3 Set Types

Set T Set Types

Data Sets - contains information to be gridded or displayed such as well

markers, siesmic interpretation and scatter data;
- data with .dcps extension.

Polygon Sets - define some cartographic mapping feature or a region

within which an operation is to be performed;
- data with .pcps extension.
Surface Sets - are grids in CPS3 with only z-value stored in each grid node;
- data with .scps extension.
Map Sets - a picture file which are saved;
- data with .mcps

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Fault Sets - in GeoFrame terminology, are called fault boundaries;

- data with .fcps extension.

Chap Chapter

7
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Loading Location Data

Loading Loading Data Data

Through ASCII Loading

CPS GeoFrame Link

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Exercise: Vi Exercise: View 2D Navigation ASCII

Data

Open an Xterm and cd to CPS3 dsl. CPS3 dsl can be determined

from the CPS3 Main Module under:
User > Show Environment

2.

Read (more) the file mm_2d_gulfaks_shtp.dat. Note that the file

contains only LineName, SP, and X, Y coordinates

3.

Read (more) the file charis_2d_nav.dat. Note that the file contains
more information.

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1.

Exercise: Loading 2D Navigation Data Navigation Data

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Main Module > File > Import > ASCII > Extended Data
Input Filename : charis_2d_nav

Exercise: Loading 2 Exercise: Loading 2D

Navigation Data D Navigation Data

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Final Configuration / Output

Viewing S Viewing Statistics

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Main Module > Utilities > Sets > View Contents/Statistics

Exercise: Exercise: Load 2D Navigation Data

Load the file mm_2D_gulfaks_shtp.dat as Extended Data (same

way it was done previously.
Output Name : mm_gulfaks_shpt
Number of records to skip : 0
File contains only : Line, SP, X and Y

2.

Display the data just loaded

Display > Basemap > Data > select filename > OK
Display parameters:
a) select a solid colored line
b) symbol size = 0
c) No Text

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1.

Exercise: Exercise: Display 3D Navigation Data

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Display 3D navigation data

Display > 3D Surveys > gulfaks_north
Display parameters:
a) select all Inlines
b) Set increment = 10
c) Choose all items for display, except the following
Tick marks
Line Names
Location Symbols

Exercise: Loading Well Locations and Well Path

Using GF Link ell Locations and Well Path Using GF Link

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Main Module > Tools GeoFrame Link

Loading W Loading Well Locations ell Locations

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Exe Exercise: Loading Well Locations and Trajectories

and Trajectories

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Exe S Exercise: Check Statistics and Display Data

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Check Statistics of loaded data

Utilities > Sets > View contents/Statistics
Select Data sets : Well_Location_wbloc
Well_Location_wtloc
Boreholes_Depth_wpath

Display Loaded Data

Create a display environment
Display > Create Environment > Copy/Compute > Data > mm_2d_gulfaks_shtp
Display Well Locations and Trajectory
Display > Basemap > Data > mm_3d_gl_survey
Display > Basemap > Data > mm_3d_85acip_survey
Display > Basemap > data > mm_3d_offset_survey
Display > Basemap > Data > mm_2d_gulfaks_shpt
Display > Basemap > Data > well_locations_wtloc

Cha Chapter

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Set Selection, Creation and Management

Se Set Selection t Selection

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Utilities > Sets >List/Manage Sets

Set
Creation
Set Creation

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Utilities > Sets > Copy

Renaming Sets

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Utilities > Sets > Rename

DeletingSets
Sets
Deleting

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Utilities > Sets > Delete

V Viewing Statistics

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Main Module > Utilities > Sets > View Contents/Statistics

Cha Chapter 9 9

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Defining the Display Environment and

Examining Data Coverage

Definition of Ma Definition of Mapping Environment

Components Environment Components

Display Environment for display purposes only and does not

contain the definition of a grid geometry.
Modeling Environment It has a defined grid geometry needed to
perform modeling operations.

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Name and optional Description

Usage Classification (Modeling or Display)
Volume of Interest VOI
Geographic Coordinate System
Definition of horizontal and vertical units
Definition of horizontal and vertical scale factors
Definition of vertical property code ( Depth or Time).
For Modeling operations definition of grid geometry

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Exe

Exercise: Setting Background Color Color

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Display > Display Functions > Set Background Color

Exercise: Exercise: Creating Display Environments

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Exercise: Creating Display Environments Environments

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Parameters:
Name : GullFaks_Overview
Remarks : 2d and 3d Survey Areas
Environment Creation Method : Copy/Compute
Action : Copy Set Limits
Set Type : Data = mm_2D_gullfaks_shtpt
Horizontal Scale :
Map Mode = Direct
Map Scale = 635

Exercise Exercise: Post the 2D and 3D Locations

Locations

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Exe Exercise: Enlarge Current Display Window Current

Display Window

Redisplay the 3D surveys which are now totally displayed.

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Select the current display environment, modify the Y-minimum

to be 6,779,000.0 to be able to display the whole 3D surveys.

Preparing a L Preparing a Location Basemap

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Label Setting

Scale Bar and Map Title

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Map Title Setting

Scale Bar Setting

Exercises Exercises

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1) Display 3D Survey Locations

mm_3d_85acip_survey
mm_offset_survey
mm_3d_g1_survey
2) Display 2D Seismic Line Posting
2d_gullfaks_shtpt
3) Move the relative position of the map layer
4) Post Borehole Locations
5) Post Bottom Hole Locations
6) Save the Display as a Map Set (Gullfaks_Overview)
7) View Entire Basemap (reveal all graphics)
8) Create a Larger Display Environment Which
Covers Entire Map (Gullfaks_Better_Overview)
9) Delete Old Display Environment
10) Removing/Replacing Map Layers

Cha Chapter

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Accessing and Displaying

Interpretation and Well Markers

Accessibility Accessibility of Seismic Components of

Seismic Components

3D Seismic interpretation stored as grids and is directly visible

2D Interpretation stored as Data and must be loaded into CPS3
Fault Cuts not directly visible in CPS3 and must be loaded

Fault Polygons directly visible as Fault sets

Seismic Attributes stored as grids and directly visible
2D Locations needs to be loaded into CPS3
3D Locations as visible and can be posted in CPS3
Cartography in IESX can be imported into CPS3

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Fault Contacts needs to be loaded into CPS3

Exercise: Load W Exercise: Load Well Markers with

GF Link Markers with GF Link
Containers = Horizons
Representations = Markers

Output Markers:
BUNKRITT_Depth
DRAKE_Depth
NESS_Depth
RANNOCH_Depth
TARBERT_Depth

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Interpreted Markers:
BUNNKRITT
DRAKE
NESS
RANOCH
TARBERT

ExeExercise: Examine Data Statistics

Horizon Depth range

Tarbert : 1781 2389
Ness: 1712 2400
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Well Markers Depth Range

Tarbert: 1766 - 2052
Ness: 1753 - 2096

Exercise Exercises: Rename Faults and Remove Z-Value

-Value

Remove Z-Values from the 2 Faults

Copy both faults to polygon
Copy them back to faults
View Statistics of Both Faults to verify no z-value
Display both faults

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Rename Faults:
Rename mm_Ness fault to Ness
Rename mm_Tarbert fault to Tarbert

Vie

Gridding

View Data Sets for Gridding w Data Sets for

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Bunnkritt Interpretation Grid Set unconformity surface

mm_BUNNKRITT_50x50_Depth_intrp
Tarbert Interpretation Grid Set
mm_TARBERT_Depth_intrp
Ness Interpretation Grid Set
mm_NESS_Depth_intrp
Rannoch and Drake Interpretation Grid Sets

Ch Chapter

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Gridding Fundamentals

CPS

Concerns

CPS3 Gridding Concerns 3 Gridding

What is Gridding ?
How to prepare for Gridding
Determining Grid Cell Size
Choosing the Gridding Algorithm
How to setup the Gridding Parameters - Convergent Gridding
Types of Data
3D Dense Data

2D Seismic Data

3D Decimated Data

Well Derived Data

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Data Inspection

W What is Gridding? hat is Gridding?

Quality Check of a good Grid Model:

a) Contours are consistent with data points
b) Contours are reasonable
c) Contours are what was expected
d) Relatively smooth
e) Follow established trends

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Gridding - process of transforming randomly located

or other data into a regularly spaced lattice of values
representing the z-dimension of the x, y, and z data

Grid Terminology

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CPS3 CPS3 Gridding Algorithms

A) Convergent Very stable, fast and accurate , general purpose algorithm.

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Every step reduces both

the grid cell size and
radius of influence for
each control point, until
the surface is tied to the
data.

CPS3 CPS3 Gridding Algorithms

B) Contour to Grid - optimized to honor digitized contour data

C) Least Squares - for computing a best-fit to scattered data points

E) SNAP - to grid dense data or for fitting data into an existing grid
F) Isopach - treats zero values as surface limits

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D) Moving Average - for computing an average fit to scattered data

CPS3 Grid

CPS3 Gridding Algorithms

G) Trend - for computing data trends

H) Polynomial - for computing fixed value grids as polynomial functions
of X and Y

J) Distance - used to quantify the spatial distribution of the data points.

K) Density - used for modeling data distribution

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I) Step - for use in producing lithology, soil or variable

hydrocarbon contact maps

Con

Convergent Gridding Parameters

Line Decimated 3D
Final Interval - 0.5 to 0.25 the
distance between lines
Initial Interval - distance between
lines.
Number of Nodes to SNAP - 4

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2D Seismic Data
Final Interval - same as shotpoint
spacing.
Initial Interval - 0.5 the distance
between the 2 furthest-apart
contiguous lines.
Number of Nodes to SNAP - 16

Con

Convergent Gridding Parameters

Dense 3D
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Final Interval - Depending on

gridding time, and storage
space
Initial Interval - same as final
interval
Number of Nodes to SNAP - 1

How do faults affect gridding

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Shadow

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CPS3 Gridding Parameters

Selecting Selecting the (Final) Grid Spacing the (Final)

Grid Spacing
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Rules of Thumb
a) half the distance between 2 closest points
b) half the distance between the 2 closest points whose
difference needed to be distinguished

Dense I Dense Interpretation Using ASAP

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Decimated Seismic Decimated Seismic Data Data

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Note: Line decimated interpretation

Combination Combination of Line Decimated

and ASAP

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Chap Chapter

13
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Set Modeling Environment and

Compute Horizon Grids

Define Mode Define Modeling Environment ling

Environment

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Creating Modeling Environment

X-max = 459,600
Y-max = 6,792,100
X,Y Increment = 50
Column Count = 119
Row Count = 153
Property Code = Depth
Z Units = meters

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Parameters:
Name: gullfaks_gridding
Environment Creation Method:
Data Extents > Pick Sets >
mm_Tarbert_Depth_intrp
X,Y Min/Max
X-min = 453,700
Y-min = 6,784,500

Gridding the Horizons (Bunnkritt) g

Note: Extrapolation to the edges is not done, Regrid with the following parameters:
Gridding Algorithm = Convergent
Starting Grid Interval = 200
Nodes to Snap = 16

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A) Grid the Bunnkritt Unconformity

Parameters:
Input Data/Grid = mm_BUNNKRITT_50x50_Depth_intrp
2nd Input = mm_BUNNKRITT_Depth_wmrkr
Fault & Polygon = Toggle OFF
Algorithm = SNAP
No. of Nodes to SNAP = 1
Output Grid = (New) Bunnkritt
Storage = CPS
Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; BUNNKRITT
B) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_gridding
C) Display the Bunnkritt Contours
Display > Contours

Gridding the Horizons (Tarbert)

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A) Grid the Tarbert

Parameters:
Input Data/Grid = mm_TARBERT_Depth_intrp
2nd Input = mm_TARBERT_Depth_wmrkr
Fault Set = mm_Tarbert
Polygon = Toggle OFF
Algorithm = Convergent
Initial Interval = 300
Advanced Parameters
Nodes to Snap to = 16
Output Grid = (New) Tarbert
Storage = CPS
Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; Tarbert
B) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_gridding
C) Display the Tarbert Contours
Display > Contours

Gridding the H Gridding the Horizons (Regrid Tarbert)

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A) Delete Irrelevant Faults

Utilities > Sets > Subsets > Delete > Fault > mm_Tarbert
Delete Subsets 3 (F7a_D), 9 (F15a), 10 (F6) , and 12 (F6a)
B) Re-Grid the Tarbert
Parameters:
Input Data/Grid = mm_TARBERT_Depth_intrp
2nd Input = mm_TARBERT_contour_intrp
Fault Set = mm_Tarbert
Polygon = Toggle OFF
Algorithm = Convergent
Initial Interval = 500
Advanced Parameters
Nodes to Snap to = 16
Output Grid = (New) Tarbert
Storage = CPS
Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; Tarbert
B) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_gridding
C) Display the Tarbert Contours
Display > Contours

Gridding the H Gridding the Horizons (Display Tarbert)

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A) Smoothing
Operations > Grid > Smooth
Convergent Threshold = 2%
B) Blanking Tarbert Fault Zones
1) Copy faults as polygon
Utilities > Sets > Copy
Polygon name = mm_Tarbert
2) Blank inside faults using polygon
Operations > Grid > Blank
Input Grid = Tarbert
Polygon (input) = mm_Tarbert
Calculation Mode = Inside only
C) Display the Tarbert Contours
Display > Contours

Gridding the Gridding the Horizons (Final Regrid -

Tarbert)

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A) Re-Grid the Tarbert

Parameters:
Input Data/Grid = Tarbert
Fault Set & Polygon = Toggle OFF
Algorithm = Convergent
Initial Interval = 200
Advanced Parameters
Nodes to Snap to = 16
Weight Function = Deterministic
Damping = Moderate
Output Grid = (New) Tarbert
Storage = CPS
Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; Tarbert
B) Associate Fault Boundaries with Horizon
Utilities > Sets > Associate_Set_With_Grid
C) Display Contours

Grid

Gridding the Horizons (Ness)

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A) Grid the Ness

Parameters:
Input Data/Grid = mm_Ness_Depth_intrp
2nd Input = mm_Ness_Depth_wmrkr
Fault Set = mm_Ness
Polygon = Toggle OFF
Algorithm = Convergent
Initial Interval = 400
Advanced Parameters
Nodes to Snap to = 16
Output Grid = (New) Ness
Storage = CPS
Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; Ness
B) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_gridding
C) Display the Ness Contours
Display > Contours

Ch Chapter

14
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Contouring, Colorshading and More

Basemapping

Understanding Graphic Size

Parameters
Text size on the screen is directly
proportional to the plot size of your
map.
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Note:
A) if map size is bigger than
screen, CPS will re-size text to
fit screen proportionally.
B) If map size is smaller than
screen, then text size defined in
parameters will display as it is.

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Con Contouring Singe Z-Value touring Singe Z-Value

Note: Useful for
highlighting contacts between
fluids such as OWC, OGC

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Color Color Shaded Contours Shaded Contours

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Display > Contours

Contouring Parameters

Color S Color Shaded Contours

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Contouring Contouring

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Display > Contours

Contouring Parameters

Con Contour Quality tour Quality

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Display > Contour

Map Quality = 0

Con Contour Quality Display tour Quality Display

Note the slight

difference in
smoothness of
contour lines
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Display Color Bar play Color Bar

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Display > Color-shading Pallete

C Chapter

15
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Demonstrate Inverse Interpolation and

Control Point Arithmetic

Exercise: Display Ness_tops e: Display Ness_tops

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Display > Basemap > Extended Data > Ness_tops

Display Parameters:
Symbol parameters = toggle on
Symbol Code = 30
z1 = toggle on
Text1= toggle on

Exercise: Exercise: Compare Ness Grid and Ness_tops

Data Set Compare Ness Grid and Ness_tops Data Set

After execution, view statistics

Utilities > Sets > View_Contents_Statistics
Click = List Contents
Toggle On = Data
Selection = Ness_top

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Inverse Interpolation
Operations > Control Point > Interpolate from Grid to Data
Grid = Ness
Polygon = toggle to Null
Data Set = Ness_tops
Results to new Z Field = toggle on
Selection = grid_value

Ex Exercise: Use Control Point Arithmetic toompute

Difference PArithmetic to Compute Difference

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Operation > Control Point > Control Point Math

Data = ness_tops
Algebraic Expression = @z2-@z1
Results to new Z Field = toggle on
Selection = error
View Statistics in Status Window

Ch Chapter

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Fault Surfaces

Fault Surfaces t Surfaces

Fault Surfaces are needed in Volumetric calculations if they

act as bounding surfaces or limits of the reservoir.

Fault Surfaces are also used in Geological Modeling.

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Whether Faults are sealing or not, it is better to create a fault

surface and calculate the reservoir volume bounded by the
fault (s).

Exercises: Load Fault Segment (Cuts) through GF

Link

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Data Types
Containers = Faults
Representations = Fault Cut Sets
GeoFrame Data
Vertical Domain = Depth
Selections = F2, F4

E Exercises: Inspect Fault Data Points and Create Fault

Grids

Display Faults to view them

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Creating Fault Grids using a macro

a) In an Xterm, delete data set name macwork in CPS
directory
b) Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > Fault Gridding
c) use GridFault.mac
d) Select Data Set = F2_depth
e) Output = F2_fault
f) Enter an slm = 2500
g) repeat for fault F4_depth

e Exercises: Establishing Set Attributes for the Fault

Surface

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Utilities > Sets > List_Manage_Sets > F2_fault > I

Toggle on = Replace all
Surface = Fault
Surface Name = F2
Property Code = Depth
Z-Units = meters

Chap

Chapter 17
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Visualizing Relationships Among

Surfaces with Cross-Sections

Exercises

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A) Determine if the Ness and Tarbert Surface Cross

Operations > Grid > Multiple_Grids > C=A-B
where C=diff, A=Ness, B=Tarbert
Output surface=Ness_conformed
Output Boundary=Ness_overlaps
B) Conform the Ness Grid to the Tarbert Grid where they overlap
using the macro Conform_to_Upper.mac
Macros > Execute > Show System macros >
Conform_to_Upper.mac
Upper Surface = Tarbert
Lower Surface = Ness
Output Surface = Ness_conformed
Output boundary = Ness_overlaps
C) Associate the fault set, mm_Ness with the grid Ness_conformed
Utilities > Sets > Associate_Set_with_Grid
D) Smooth the output grid
Operations > Grid > Smooth
Input Grid = Ness_conformed
Fault = mm_Ness
Polygon = null
Output Grid = null
Smoothing Operator = Biharmonic
Max # Passes = 1

Exercises: Examining Relationships among Horizons and

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Digitize Profile Baselines

Display Environment = gullfaks_gridding
Display Boarder with Labels, label inc. = 2000
Display Fault Set = mm_Tarbert
Digitize > Polygon > Screen digitizing > New
Polygon set name = Baselines
Surface Type = Unknown
Append = off
Echo = off
Closed polygon = No
Digitize Polygons
Polygon subset name = Upper_EW ; Location at Y=6790150
Polygon subset name = Lower_EW ; Location at Y=6786200
Polygon subset name = UL_to_LR

Creating X-Section Lines

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Digitize > Polygon > Screen digitizing > New

Polygon set name = Baselines
Surface Type = Unknown
Append = off
Echo = off
Closed polygon = No
Digitize Polygons
Polygon subset name = Upper_EW ; Location at Y=6790150
Polygon subset name = Lower_EW ; Location at Y=6786200
Polygon subset name = UL_to_LR

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Create Profile Display

Establish Z-scale Attribute in Display Environment
X-section (horizontal scale) = 100 ; Direct Scale
X-section (vertical scale) = 50 ; Direct Scale
Display Cross-sections
Display > 2D Xsection
Primary Options
XSection Method = Quick
Polygon/Baseline = Baselines
Extract Method = Baseline Method
Method = Simple Baseline Method
Selected Grids = Bunnkritt, Tarbert, Ness, F2_fault, F4_fault
Secondary Options
XSection Type = Normal/Standard
XSection Mode = Prohibit: Clip
Invert Z-axis = On
Set General Display Parameters
Large Text Size = 2.0
Small Text Size = 0.1
Symbol Size = 0.2
Vertical Profile Limits > Axis Limitation = XSections

Preparing Display Environment

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X-section (horizontal scale) = 100;

Direct Scale
X-section (vertical scale) = 50;
Direct Scale

Exercise: XSection Display

Primary Options

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XSection Method = Quick

Polygon/Baseline = Baselines
Extract Method = Baseline Method
Baseline Method = Simple
Selected Grids = Bunnkritt,
Tarbert, Ness, F2_fault, F4_fault

Display > 2D XSection

Exercise: Secondary Options

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Secondary Options
XSection Type = Normal/Standard
XSection Mode = Prohibit: Clip
Invert Z-axis = On
Set General Display Parameters
Large Text Size = 2.0
Small Text Size = 0.1
Symbol Size = 0.2
Vertical Profile Limits >
Axis Limitation = XSections

Creating a Volumetric Envelope

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Chapter 18

Recommended Sequence for Computing an

Isochore for Volumetrics
A) Top Structural Envelope

2) Merge intersecting grids to come up with a single top surface

B) Bottom Structural Envelope
1) Identify the bottom of the interval for which the isochore is to be computed
2) Merge intersecting grids to come up with a single bottom surface
C) Zero-Line in Isochores should be preserved to maintain size or reservoir

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1) Identify the top of the interval for which the isochore is to be computed

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For the Top:1- Merge Tarbret with the

Unconformity.

Merge the result with

F4_fault.

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2- Merge the result

with the GOC.

For Bottom:-

1- Merge F2_fault with

Ness.
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2- Merge result with

OWC.

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Chapter 19
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Prepare the Tarbert/Ness Envelopes

and Create the Gross Isopach

Exercise: Create Top Envelope for Tarbert/Ness Interva

Create Top Envelope by Merging Tarbert and Bunnkritt surfaces

And Gas/Oil Contact (go_2100) and F4 fault.
Merge Tarbert with Bunnkritt using Toplap macro
Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > Toplap.mac
Horizon = Tarbert
Unconformity = Bunnkritt
Output Grid = Tarbert_Bunnkritt (new)
Boundary = Tarbert_Bunnkritt (new)

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Create 2200m and 2100m Fluid Contacts

Modeling > Single Surface
Data/Grid = null
Algorithm = Constant Z Value
Z Value = 2200 ; Name = ow_2200
Z Value = 2100 ; Name = go_2100

Merge Result with F4 Fault

Macros > Execute > Show Project Macros > a_SealTop.mac
Top Envelope = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100
Fault Grid = F4_fault
Output Grid = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100_F4 (new)
Boundary = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100_F4 (new)

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Exercise: Create Top Envelope for

Tarbert/Ness Interval
Merge Result with Gas/Oil Contact
Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > ClipTop_at_GO.mac
Top Envelope= Tarbert_Bunnkritt
GOC Grid = go_2100
Output Grid = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100 (new)
Boundary = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100 (new)

Exercise: Create Base Envelope

Create the Base Envelope by merging Ness Horizon, Oil/Water
Contact (ow_2200) and F2 Fault

Merge Result with F_2 Fault

Macros > Execute > Show Project Macros > a_SealBase.mac
Fault Grid = F2_fault
Horizon or Base = Ness_2200
Output Grid = Ness_2200_F2 (new)
Boundary = Ness_2200_F2 (new)

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Merge Ness with O/W Contact

Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > ClipBASE_at_OW.mac
Base Envelope = Ness
OWC grid = ow_2200
Output grid = Ness_2200 (new)
Boundary = Ness_2200 (new)

Exercise: Compute Isochore

Display Contours above zero (Start Contour Interval = 0)

Save Contours as Mapset = PayZone

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Subtract base envelope from top envelope to calculate isochore

Operations > Grid > Multiple_Grids > C=A-B
where C = Gross_Isochore
A= Ness_2200_F2
B= Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100_F4

Exercise: Fault Traces

Preparing fault traces for Gross Thickness Grid

Display Sets
Display > Basemap > Fault > Ness_Tarbert

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Merging mm_Ness and mm_Tarbert Fault Boundaries

Utilities > Sets > Copy > Fault
Select Faults = mm_Ness, mm_Tarbert
Name = Ness_Tarbert (new)
Container = Unknown
Copy the Set

Chapter 20
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Applying Reservoir Properties

to the Gross_Isochore for Oil in Place

Origin of Property Data

ResSum Properties used in Volumetric Calculations:

Net Thickness, Gross Thickness, Net Porosity, Net Pay
Water Saturation
Note: each property value for a particular zone version is
sitting in the middle and not at the top or base.
Oil in place=Gross Isochore Volume*NtG*Poro*Saturation.

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Workflow for computing properties in ResSum:

Load well logs
Create Geological markers for the 2 horizons either
in WellPix or through ASCII Load
In WellPix, define a lithozone between 2 surfaces and
establish a Zone Version
In ResSum, calculate the ratios and property average
for the layer.

Exercise: Load Zone Properties from GF

Tools > GeoFrame Link >Load From GeoFrame > Zones > Zone Version
In Zone Version = Formation

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Lithologic Layers = Tarbert

Model Name = CPS3_Intro
Property Version = ResSum_Output_3
Highlight the following : Net/Gross_Thickness_Ratio,
Net_Reservoir_Porosity
Net_Pay_Water_Saturation
Index = TVD
Note: This shows how to import property values. For the course, the
following property values will be used:
mm_Tarbert_Ness_Porosity
mm_Tarbert_Ness_Wsat
mm_Tarbert_Ness_Net-gross
In Utilities > Sets > Manage-Sets, change attributes to:
Surface = Rock Feature
Surface Name = Tarbert
Appropriate Property Code

Create Property Grids

For sparse data, below is a suggested technique to Grid property
data using Convergent Gridding

b) Copy the output Grid to Data, and grid the data to output a
weighted average solution in extrapolated areas.
c) Display Line Contours of Gross_Isochore and save as map called
PayZone

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a) Use a small initial grid size to extrapolate close to the data points.
Use faults in the first gridding to make sure values are not tainted
from other fault blocks.

QC Considerations for Property Grids

A) Make sure that all property grids are defined within the area
of the Gross isochore.
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B) Make sure that none of the grids have flat, zero or negative areas.
It is OK to blank outside the gross isochore but no property grid
should be negative anywhere

Exercise: Grid the Porosity (Property)

Data First Pass

Display output, use fast color shading

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Modeling > Single Surface

Data = mm_Tarbert_Ness_Porosity
Algorithm = Convergent
Fault = Ness_Tarbert
Polygon = Toggle off
Initial Interval = 250
Advance Parameters
Order of Projection = First (uses Linear Slope Projection
Weight Function = Satistical (spread weight evenly)
Z_Limiting_Mode = Smooth Clip
Z_min = 0.1
Z_max = 0.8
Output Grid Name = mm_Tarbert_Ness_Porosity

Exercise: Grid the Porosity (Property)

Data Second Pass

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a) Copy property grid mm_Tarbert_Ness_Porosity to Porosity

b) Modeling > Single Surface
Data = Porosity
Algorithm = Convergent
Fault = toggle off
Polygon = toggle off
Initial Interval = 500
Advance Parameters
Order of Projection = Zero
Weight Function = Uniform
Output Grid Name = Porosity
c) Display output, use fast color shading and post the mapset PayZone
on top.

Exercise: Grid the Net-Gross (Property)

Data First Pass

Display output, use fast color shading

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Modeling > Single Surface

Data = mm_Tarbert_Ness_net-gross
Algorithm = Convergent
Fault = Ness_Tarbert
Polygon = Toggle off
Initial Interval = 250
Advance Parameters
Order of Projection = First (uses Linear Slope Projection
Weight Function = Satistical (spread weight evenly)
Z_Limiting_Mode = Smooth Clip
Z_min = 0.1
Z_max = 0.8
Output Grid Name = mm_Tarbert_Ness_net-gross

Exercise: Grid the Net-Gross (Property)

Data Second Pass

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a) Copy property grid mm_Tarbert_Ness_net-gross to Net-Gross

b) Modeling > Single Surface
Data = Net-Gross
Algorithm = Convergent
Fault = toggle off
Polygon = toggle off
Initial Interval = 500
Advance Parameters
Order of Projection = Zero
Weight Function = Uniform
Output Grid Name = Net-Gross
c) Display output, use fast color shading and post the mapset PayZone
on top.

Exercise: Grid the Water Saturation (Property)

Data First Pass

Display output, use fast color shading

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Modeling > Single Surface

Data = mm_Tarbert_Ness_WSat
Algorithm = Convergent
Fault = Ness_Tarbert
Polygon = Toggle off
Initial Interval = 250
Advance Parameters
Order of Projection = First (uses Linear Slope Projection
Weight Function = Satistical (spread weight evenly)
Z_Limiting_Mode = Smooth Clip
Z_min = 0.1
Z_max = 0.8
Output Grid Name = mm_Tarbert_Ness_WSat

Exercise: Grid the Water Saturation (Property)

Data Second Pass

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a) Copy property grid mm_Tarbert_Ness_WSat to Saturation

b) Modeling > Single Surface
Data = Saturation
Algorithm = Convergent
Fault = toggle off
Polygon = toggle off
Initial Interval = 500
Advance Parameters
Order of Projection = Zero
Weight Function = Uniform
Output Grid Name = Saturation
c) Display output, use fast color shading and post the mapset PayZone
on top.

Exercise: Compute Net Isochore Grid

Display contours with following parameters:

Start Contour level = 0
Increment between contours = 10.0

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Compute for the Net_Isochore Grid

Operations > Grid > Multiple Grid > C=A*B
where C = Net_Isochore
A = Gross_Isochore
B = NetGross

Exercise: Compute Net Pore Volume

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Compute for Net Pore volume

Operations > Grid > Multiple Grid > C=A*B
where C = Net_Pore_Volume
A = Net_Isochore
B = Porosity

Exercise: Compute Net Pay Grid

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Operations > Grid > Formula (CPS3 Formula Processor)

Formula Editor : C=A*(1.0-B)
Click Scan to confirm formula
Formula Variable Definition
For C (NULL), type = Net_Pay
For A (NULL), associate to = Net_Pore_Volume
For B (NULL), associate to = Saturation
Click Calc; Conformal Limiting = No
Click Save = Net_Pay_Formula.frm
Display file Net_Pay contour starting from 0 contour level

Exercise: Load Lease Polygons

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File > Import > ASCII > Polygon > mm_north_leases.ply

Output name = Lease
Assign Input/Output Parameters > Read/Write an ASCII File
Close Polygon = Yes
Calculation Mode = Inside Only
Record Type = XY
Format = Ordered Input/Output
Display Polygons
Display > Basemap
Toggle Boarders & Labels
Toggle Polygons = Leases

Exercise: Computing OIP

Operations > Volumetrics
Input Grid = Net_Pay
Faults = Ness_Tarbert
Polygon = Leases
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Volumetric Calculation Parameters

Volume Algorithm = Full Refinement
Reference plane elevation = 0.0
Scale Factor for all area results = meter2 =>acres
Scale factor for all volume results = m2m =>MMBL
Dont do slice volume = toggle on
First Polygon to use = 1
Number to use = All

Results of Volumetric Calculation

Note: results probably may slightly vary due to multitude of

steps required to get to this point

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Integrated Results Above the Horizontal Reference Plane:

Volume = 42.1967 MMB
Flat Area = 579.826 acres
Surface Area = 579.927 acres

Chapter 21
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Editing Exercises

Model Editor Typical Workflow

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Typical Workflow
1) Start Model Editor ( Tools>Model Editor )
Load surface set with relevant fault sets
Generate surface contour lines.
2) Identify the area needed to be edited
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Typical Workflow

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3) Edit the contours, data points, faults,

polylines, as needed
4) Set an edit window to enclose all
modifications
5) Regrid the area defined by the edit
window
6) Recalculate contours to match the
contours of the regridded
node values, if the regridding reached
the desired results
7) Repeat steps 2-6 as needed until satisfied
with the entire surface
8) Save the results

Model Editor Tips on Gridding

a) It is better to edit all the data and regrid the entire surface in CPS3
Main Module
b) Model Editor is designed to do small local edits to simply clean up grids

d) Save your grid often

e) Try to finish all data and fault edits before moving to surface edits

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c) Edit each area independently and setting the smallest regridding are
Possible

Map Editor

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Tools>Map Editor

Color Palette Editor

Input the following values:
Color Values
R=1, G=1, B=0

1=1860, 21=1460
Interpolate
Starting=1, Ending=21
Toggle on R, G, B & Z interpolation
Click Go
Save as Yellow_1.pal

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Color Index for Z value

Color Palette Editor

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Display any surface in color

shaded contour using Yellow_1
color palette

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