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Communication System Eeeb453 Amplitude Modulation: Dept of Electrical Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional

This document discusses different amplitude modulation techniques including: - AM-DSBFC which is wasteful of power and bandwidth as the carrier does not carry information and both sidebands carry the same information. - AM-SSB techniques which reduce bandwidth usage by transmitting only one sideband. SSBFC transmits the carrier at full power with one sideband. SSBSC suppresses the carrier and one sideband. SSBRC reduces the carrier power. - AM-ISB which transmits two independent sidebands within the same frequency spectrum, conserving both power and bandwidth. - AM-VSB which transmits the carrier at full power along with one full sideband and a vest

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Yassir Ibrahim
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79 views18 pages

Communication System Eeeb453 Amplitude Modulation: Dept of Electrical Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional

This document discusses different amplitude modulation techniques including: - AM-DSBFC which is wasteful of power and bandwidth as the carrier does not carry information and both sidebands carry the same information. - AM-SSB techniques which reduce bandwidth usage by transmitting only one sideband. SSBFC transmits the carrier at full power with one sideband. SSBSC suppresses the carrier and one sideband. SSBRC reduces the carrier power. - AM-ISB which transmits two independent sidebands within the same frequency spectrum, conserving both power and bandwidth. - AM-VSB which transmits the carrier at full power along with one full sideband and a vest

Uploaded by

Yassir Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION SYSTEM EEEB453

Chapter 2
AMPLITUDE MODULATION

Dept of Electrical Engineering


Universiti Tenaga Nasional

Comment on AM-DSBFC

Both modulator and demodulator have simple structure


(low cost and reliable)

DSB is wasteful of Power (carrier does not carry any


information)

DSB is wasteful of Bandwidth (B vs 2B)

DSBFC is wasteful of Power


2/3 of total transmitted power taken up by carrier.
Pc = 1000W
Power

Plsb = 160W

flsb

Pusb = 160W

fc

fusb

Frequency

The total power being transmitted is (1000).(1 + 0.82) = 1320W


2

In transmitting 1320W of the total power, the carrier


contains 1000W and does not contain any information being
transmitted. The side freq each have 160W and each carries
a copy of the same info signal.

So, 1320W is being used in order to transmit only 160W.

DSB is wasteful of Bandwidth

DSB has a Wide Bandwidth


wasteful BW usage i.e info in USB = info in LSB

If so much of the transmitted wave is not required, then why


transmit it?

ANY ALTERNATIVE?

DOUBLE SIDEBAND SUPPRESSED CARRIER?

DSB Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC)

Generated by circuit called balanced modulator where it


produces sum (fusb) and difference (flsb) freq but cancel or
balance out the carrier (fc).

DSBSC helps in reducing power but bandwidth still the same as


DSBFC.
5

Single Side Band (SSB) System

Motivation: Both DSBFC and DSBSC occupy a bandwidth of 2B. How can we reduce the bandwidth requirements?

Due the symmetric condition (info in USB = info in LSB), one of the sidebands is sufficient to provide the complete
information in the original signal.

No Carrier
Power

No lsf
Pusb = 160W

flsb

fc

fusb

Frequency

The total power being transmitted is now only 160W


6

Single Side Band (SSB) System


AM Single Sideband Full Carrier (SSBFC)
Carrier is transmitted at full power with only one of the
sidebands.
Half as much bandwidth will be required (BWSSBFC=1/2BWDSBFC).
V2
Pc
R

Amplitude

DSBFC
Modulating
signal, fm

Plsb

m2
Pc
4

Pusb

m2
Pc
4

m 2 Pc
Pt Pc
2
f

V2
Pc
R

SSBFC

Amplitude

Modulating
signal, fm

Plsb 0

Pusb

m2
Pc
4

m 2 Pc
Pt Pc
4
f

Single Side Band (SSB) System


AM Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier (SSBSC)

The carrier is totally removed together with one of the


sidebands.

Half as much bandwidth is required ( BWSSBFC=1/2BWDSBFC).

SSBSC

Amplitude

Modulating
signal, fm

Pc 0
Plsb 0

Pusb Pc

m 2 Pc
Pt
4

m
4

Single Side Band (SSB) System


AM Single Sideband Reduced Carrier (SSBRC)

Conserve BW and considerably power

One sideband is totally removed and carrier voltage is reduced to approx. 10 % of its unmodulated
amplitude or carrier power is reduced to approx. 1% of its unmodulated power

The carrier is totally suppressed during modulation and to be reinserted at reduced amplitude for the
purpose of demodulation

SSBRC

Amplitude

Modulating
signal, fm

Pc (0.1Vc ) 2 / R
Plsb 0

Pusb

m 2 Pc
Pt 0.01Pc
4

m2
Pc
4
f

Single Side Band (SSB) System

AM Independent Sideband (ISB)

It is a form of DSB transmission in which the transmitter consists of two independent SSBSC
modulators.

Output consists of two totally independent sidebands each of different information, with suppressed
carrier.

It conserves both power and BW as two info sources are transmitted within the same freq spectrum.

ISB
Modulating
signal, fm

Pc (0.1Vc ) 2 / R
Plsb

m2
Pc
4
Ch A

Pusb

m 2 Pc
Pt 0.01Pc
2

m2
Pc
4

Ch B

f
10

Single Side Band (SSB) System


AM Vestigal Sideband (VSB)

The carrier and one complete SB are transmitted, but only part (a vestige) of the second
SB is transmitted. The carrier is transmitted at full power (Carrier and full 1st SB & part
of 2nd SB).

The BW is typically 25% greater than that of SSBSC.

VSB
Amplitude

Modulating
signal, fm

V2
Pc
R
Plsb Pusb

Pusb

m2
m 2 Pc
Pc
Plsb
4 Pt Pc
4
f

11

DSBFC AM Wave

12

SSBFC AM Wave
PEAK CHANGE IN THE ENVELOPE IS HALF THAT OF THE DSB WAVE (ONLY ONE SIDEBAND)

100% modulated SSBFC wave with a single frequency modulating wave


13

SSBSC AM Wave
THE WAVEFORM IS NOT AN ENVELOPE; IT IS A SINE WAVE AT A SINGLE FREQUENCY EQUAL
TO THE CARRIER FREQUENCY PLUS/MINUS THE MODULATING SIGNAL FREQUENCY

14

ISB AM Wave
WAVE IS SIMILAR TO A DSBSC WAVE BUT WITH A REPETITION RATE TWICE
THAT OF THE MODULATING SIGNAL FREQUENCY

15

Advantages of SSB Transmission

Bandwidth conservation - Only half the bandwidth is required.

Power conservation - Only one sideband with carrier removed or


suppressed. Hence total transmitted power will be less. This
allows smaller transmitters to be used.

Selective fading - In double sideband, the two sidebands may


experience different impairments as the propagate along different
paths in the medium. This could result in carrier phase shift. This
cannot happen if only one sideband is transmitted.

Noise Reduction - Thermal noise is reduced to half, because the


bandwidth is also half.

16

Disadvantages of SSB Transmission

Complex receivers Require more expensive receivers


because envelope detection cannot be used

Tuning Difficulties - More difficult to tune than


conventional AM receivers. Receivers need a precise
tuning.

17

Revision
Carrier Signal
Amplitude = 15V
Frequency = 500kHz
AM Modulation
Modulating Signal
Amplitude = 6.5V
Frequency = 5kHz

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Modulated Output

Refer to Figure above, determine


Upper and lower side frequencies [1 marks]
Modulation coefficient and percent modulation [1 marks]
Peak amplitude of the modulated carrier and the upper and lower side frequency
voltages [2 marks]
Maximum and minimum amplitude of the envelope [2 marks]
Expression of the modulated wave [1 marks]
The total average power required for a load resistance of 10 [2 marks]
Efficiency

b.

If the waveform goes further modification,


Find the total average power required for transmitting a DSBSC wave [1 marks]
Find the total average power required for transmitting a SSBSC wave [1 marks]

Briefly explain two disadvantages of SSBSC compared to DSBSC [2 marks]

a.

18

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