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    Slide For Organic Chemistry First Chapter

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Al-Haji
    1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in organic chemistry structure and bonding including Lewis dot structures, hybridization, and depictions of molecular geometry. 2. Specific examples covered include the Lewis dot structure and sp3 hybridization of methane, the sp2 hybridization and trigonal planar geometry of ethylene, and the sp hybridization and linear geometry of acetylene. 3. Methods for depicting organic molecular structures are discussed, including Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, line-angle structures, and representations of cyclic and double bonded compounds like cyclohexane and benzene.

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    Slide For Organic Chemistry First Chapter

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Al-Haji
    39 views51 pages
    1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in organic chemistry structure and bonding including Lewis dot structures, hybridization, and depictions of molecular geometry. 2. Specific examples covered include the Lewis dot structure and sp3 hybridization of methane, the sp2 hybridization and trigonal planar geometry of ethylene, and the sp hybridization and linear geometry of acetylene. 3. Methods for depicting organic molecular structures are discussed, including Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, line-angle structures, and representations of cyclic and double bonded compounds like cyclohexane and benzene.

    Original Description:

    This is only explaining the first chapter of the book in the Organic Chemistry.

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    1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in organic chemistry structure and bonding including Lewis dot structures, hybridization, and depictions of molecular geometry. 2. Specific examples covered include the Lewis dot structure and sp3 hybridization of methane, the sp2 hybridization and trigonal planar geometry of ethylene, and the sp hybridization and linear geometry of acetylene. 3. Methods for depicting organic molecular structures are discussed, including Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, line-angle structures, and representations of cyclic and double bonded compounds like cyclohexane and benzene.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    39 views51 pages

    Slide For Organic Chemistry First Chapter

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Al-Haji
    1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in organic chemistry structure and bonding including Lewis dot structures, hybridization, and depictions of molecular geometry. 2. Specific examples covered include the Lewis dot structure and sp3 hybridization of methane, the sp2 hybridization and trigonal planar geometry of ethylene, and the sp hybridization and linear geometry of acetylene. 3. Methods for depicting organic molecular structures are discussed, including Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, line-angle structures, and representations of cyclic and double bonded compounds like cyclohexane and benzene.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 51

    1.

    Structure and Bonding in


    Organic Chemistry
    Electron Configurations
    Lewis Dot Structures
    Hybridization
    Orbital depictions
    Edited by: Dr. Nadeem Sadiq Sheikh
    Department of Chemistry, College of Science
    King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
    https://sites.google.com/site/243chem

    Organic Chemists Periodic Table

    Molecular Model of Aspirin

    Nucleus is a Tiny Fraction of


    the Volume of an Atom

    Bonding in H2
    Sigma (Bond

    Electron Configurations

    Ground State Electron


    Configurations

    px, py, pz

    Electron Configuration of Carbon

    Lewis Dot Structure of


    Methane
    carbon - 4 valence e

    .
    .C.
    .

    1s22s22p2

    hydrogen - 1 valence e

    H.
    1s

    All Have the Same Geometry


    All Have 4 Regions of Electron Density

    Tetrahderal Geometry

    Methane Representations

    In Ground State
    2 bonding sites, 1 lone pair
    H
    CH4

    2p

    H
    H

    2s

    ground state

    sp3 Hybridization
    4 Regions of electron Density

    link

    H
    CH4

    2s

    2s

    2p

    2p

    ground state

    hybridize
    x

    excited state

    4 identical sp3 orbitals


    4 sigma bonds requires 4 hybrid orbital
    tetrahedral geometry
    4
    sp3

    Hybridization of 1 s and 3 p
    3
    Orbitals sp

    sp is Tetrahedral Geometry
    Methane
    3

    Ammonia
    Tetrahedral Geometry
    Pyramidal Shape

    Orbital Depiction of Ethane,


    C2H6 , the bond

    Depictions of 2-Methylbutane

    Bonding Characteristics of Period 2


    Elements

    Saturated with Hydrogen

    A Model of a Saturated Hydrocarbon

    sp2 Hybridization
    3 Regions of Electron Density
    CH2=CH2
    H
    C

    2s

    2s

    2p

    2p

    H
    H

    hybridize
    x

    excited state

    ground state

    pz

    3 identical sp2 orbitals


    3 sigma bonds requires 3 hybrid orbitals
    trigonal planar geometry

    sp2 pz

    Hybridization of 1 s and 2 p
    Orbitals sp2

    An sp2 Hybridized Atom

    Ethylene CH2=CH2

    Views of Ethylene, C2H4

    Ethylene

    Formaldehyde

    sp Hybridization
    2 Regions of Electron Density
    H

    2p

    C H

    2s

    2p
    2s

    ground state

    hybridize
    x

    excited state

    py

    pz

    2 identical sp orbitals
    2 sigma bonds requires 2 hybrid orbitals
    linear geometry
    2

    The sp Orbital

    Acetylene, C2H2,
    1 bond
    2 perpendicular bonds

    Drawing Structures
    H
    H

    C
    H

    H
    C
    H

    H
    C
    H

    H
    C
    H

    Butane, C4H10
    CH3CH2CH2CH3

    H C C C
    H
    H
    H
    C
    H
    H
    H
    Methylpropane, C 4H10
    CH3CH(CH3)CH3

    Octane Representations
    C8H18 is molecular formula but there are 18 possible structural isomers
    H

    H H H H H H
    H
    C
    C
    C
    C
    H
    C
    C
    C
    C
    H
    H H H HH H
    HH
    Lewis structure

    CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
    CH3(CH2)6CH3
    condensed structural formula

    Condensed
    Formulas

    Line-Angle Structures are


    Often Used as a Short-hand
    H

    H H H H H H
    H
    C
    C
    C
    C
    H
    C
    C
    C
    C
    H
    H H H HH H
    HH
    Lewis structure

    Line-angle or "zig-zag" structures

    Line-Angle Structures
    C12H26

    H
    H

    H
    H
    H

    C
    H H

    H
    H

    H
    H

    C
    C

    H
    H

    C
    H

    C
    H

    C
    H
    H

    H
    H

    H H

    H
    H
    H

    H
    H

    H
    H

    At the end of every line and at the intersection of any lines


    there is a carbon atom with 4 bonds. Hydrogen atoms
    are mentally supplied to fill the valency to 4.
    H
    H

    H
    H

    H
    H
    H

    H H

    H
    H
    H

    H
    H

    H
    H

    Line-Angle structure
    Superimposed on Lewis Structure
    H
    H

    H
    H
    H

    C
    H H

    H
    H

    H
    H

    C
    H

    C
    C

    C
    H

    C
    H

    C
    H
    H

    H
    H

    Double Bonds are Shown


    Depictions of trans 2-pentene
    H
    H
    H

    C
    C
    H

    C H
    H

    H H
    Lewis Structure

    CH3

    H
    C

    CH2CH3

    condensed structural formula

    line-angle or zig-zag structure

    For Cyclic Structures, Draw the


    Corresponding Polygon
    Cyclohexane
    H H
    H
    H
    C
    C H
    H C
    H C
    C H
    C
    H
    H
    H
    H

    Drawing Clear Structures

    Benzene can be drawn as one of


    two resonance structures
    H
    H
    H

    C
    C

    C
    C
    H

    H
    C
    C

    H
    H

    H
    H

    C
    C

    C
    C
    H

    C
    C

    H
    H

    Some Line-Angle Structures

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