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MECN2012: Computing Skills and Software Development: Python - Object Oriented Programming

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Python including classes, objects, methods, and constructors. It explains that classes model real-world objects and contain data attributes and methods. Objects are instances of classes and can access class data and call methods. Methods allow objects to perform actions. The document demonstrates creating classes for dogs, vehicles, complex numbers, and circles to illustrate these concepts. It shows how constructor methods initialize objects and how objects can access and modify their own attributes.

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Ali Gh
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90 views

MECN2012: Computing Skills and Software Development: Python - Object Oriented Programming

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Python including classes, objects, methods, and constructors. It explains that classes model real-world objects and contain data attributes and methods. Objects are instances of classes and can access class data and call methods. Methods allow objects to perform actions. The document demonstrates creating classes for dogs, vehicles, complex numbers, and circles to illustrate these concepts. It shows how constructor methods initialize objects and how objects can access and modify their own attributes.

Uploaded by

Ali Gh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECN2012: Computing

Skills and Software


Development
Lecture 20:
Python - Object Oriented
Programming
1

Object Oriented
Programming
The Object Oriented approach to programming models the
world as classes of objects:
A square is an object in the polygon class
A dog is an object in the class mammals
Fido is an object

Each class contains information about itself (the classs


data attributes) and about things that it can do (the classs
functions/methods)
attribute
class Dog:
numLegs = 4
def bark(self, repeats):
print("woof "*repeats)
fido = Dog()
snoopy = Dog()

A method, which is
something the class can
do. Note that the first
argument is always self.
Two separate objects of the class Dog are created

fido.numLegs -= 1
# injured dog
print("total number of legs:", fido.numLegs + snoopy.numLegs)
# make him talk
fido.bark(3)

Call to the objects method.


Note that the argument self is

class Vehicle:
def getVehSpecs(self):
self.name = input("enter vehicle's name: ")
self.mass = float(input("enter " + self.name + "'s mass [kg]: "))
return

The vehicles own mass is accessed using self.mass

def getCrash(self, speedLimit):


legal = input("is " + self.name + " travelling at speed limit [y | n]: ")
if legal == "y":
self.speed = speedLimit
else:
self.speed = float(input("enter speed for " + self.name + " [m/s]: "))
return

Uses the objects own attibutes to calculate its energy.

def energy(self):
return 0.5*self.mass*self.speed**2 # E = 0.5*m*v^2
highwaySpeed = 120/3.6
car1 = Vehicle()
car2 = Vehicle()

# m/s
# create 2 Vehicles

car1.getVehSpecs()
car2.getVehSpecs()

# run method to get specs

car1.getCrash(highwaySpeed)
car2.getCrash(highwaySpeed)

# run method to get speed

totCrashEnergy = car1.energy() + car2.energy() # method returns car's energy


print("Total crash energy is: ", totCrashEnergy, " Joules")

Constructors
We can control how an object is created by
including a definition of the __init__() method.
class Complex:
def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart):
self.r = realpart
self.i = imagpart
return
def disp(self):
print("x = ", x.r, " + ", x.i, "j", sep = "")
x = Complex(3.0, -4.5)
x.disp()

>>>
x = 3.0 + -4.5j
>>>

class Point:
X = 0
Y = 0
# default coord is the origin
def setCoords(self, x, y):
self.X = x
Changes the internal variables of the Point
self.Y = y
return
def getCoords(self):
Returns the list of [x, y] coordinates
return [self.X, self.Y]
class Circle:
centre = Point()
onCircle = Point()

A Circle has two attributes of type point

def __init__(self, cX, cY, onX, onY):


self.centre.setCoords(cX, cY)
self.onCircle.setCoords(onX, onY)

# constructor method

We define how Circle is created


so that it is always properly
self.centre.X)**2
+
initialised

self.radius = ( (self.onCircle.X (self.onCircle.Y - self.centre.Y)**2 )


return

**0.5

Call the setCoords method


Point for this

def move(self, cX, cY):


of the centre
self.centre.setCoords(cX, cY)
self.onCircle.setCoords(cX + self.radius,Circle
cY)
return
def area(self):
return math.pi*self.radius**2

hulaHoop = Circle(-5, 5, -2, 9) # create circle, centre (-5,5) passing thru


(-2,9)
print("the hula hoop has radius = ", hulaHoop.radius)
print("the hula hoop has area = ", hulaHoop.area() )
hulaHoop.radius = 8
print("the hula hoop now has radius = ", hulaHoop.radius)
print("the hula hoop now has area = ", hulaHoop.area() )

hulaHoop.move(1, 1)
print("the point on the circle has moved to:", hulaHoop.onCircle.getCoords(

>>>
the
the
the
the
the
>>>

hula hoop has radius = 5.0


hula hoop has area = 78.53981633974483
hula hoop now has radius = 8
hula hoop now has area = 201.06192982974676
point on the circle has moved to: [9, 1]
6

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