Socket programming
Goal: learn how to build client/server application that communicate
using sockets
Socket API
socket
introduced in BSD4.1
UNIX, 1981
explicitly created, used,
released by apps
client/server paradigm
two types of transport
service via socket API:
UDP
TCP
2: Application Layer
A application-created,
OS-controlled interface
(a door) into which
application process can
both send and
receive messages
to/from another
application process
Socket programming basics
Server must be
Socket is locally
running before client
identified with a port
can send anything
number
to it.
Analogous to the apt
Server must have a
# in a building
socket (door)
Client needs to know
through which it
server IP address
receives and sends
and socket port
segments
number.
Similarly client
needs a socket
2: Application Layer
Socket programming with UDP
UDP: no connection
between client and server
no handshaking
sender explicitly attaches
IP address and port of
destination to each
segment
OS attaches IP address
and port of sending socket
to each segment
Server can extract IP
address, port of sender
from received segment
application viewpoint
UDP provides unreliable transfer
of groups of bytes (datagrams)
between client and server
Note: the official terminology
for a UDP packet is datagram.
In this class, we instead use UDP
segment.
2: Application Layer
Running example
Client:
User types line of text
Client program sends line to server
Server:
Server receives line of text
Capitalizes all the letters
Sends modified line to client
Client:
Receives line of text
Displays
2: Application Layer
Client/server socket interaction: UDP
Server (running on hostid)
create socket,
port= x.
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Client
create socket,
clientSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Create datagram with server IP and
port=x; send datagram via
clientSocket
read datagram from
serverSocket
write reply to
serverSocket
specifying
client address,
port number
read datagram from
clientSocket
close
clientSocket
2: Application Layer
Example: Java client (UDP)
input
stream
Client
Process
monitor
inFromUser
keyboard
Input: receives
process
packet (recall
thatTCP received
byte stream)
UDP
packet
receivePacket
packet (recall
that TCP sent
byte stream)
sendPacket
Output: sends
UDP
packet
client
UDP
clientSocket
socket
to network
UDP
socket
from network
2: Application Layer
Example: Java client (UDP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
Create
input stream
Create
client socket
Translate
hostname to IP
address using DNS
class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress IPAddress = InetAddress.getByName("hostname");
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
String sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
sendData = sentence.getBytes();
2: Application Layer
Example: Java client (UDP), cont.
Create datagram
with data-to-send,
length, IP addr,
port
Send datagram
to server
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, 9876);
clientSocket.send(sendPacket);
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
Read datagram
from server
clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);
String modifiedSentence =
new String(receivePacket.getData());
System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence);
clientSocket.close();
}
}
2: Application Layer
Example: Java server (UDP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
Create
datagram socket
at port 9876
class UDPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876);
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
while(true)
{
Create space for
received datagram
Receive
datagra
m
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);
2: Application Layer
Example: Java server (UDP), cont
String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());
Get IP addr
port #, of
sender
InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();
int port = receivePacket.getPort();
String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase();
sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes();
Create datagram
to send to client
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress,
port);
Write out
datagram
to socket
serverSocket.send(sendPacket);
}
}
End of while loop,
loop back and wait for
another datagram
2: Application Layer
10
UDP observations &
questions
Both client server use DatagramSocket
Dest IP and port are explicitly attached to
segment.
What would happen if change both
clientSocket and serverSocket to
mySocket?
Can the client send a segment to server
without knowing the servers IP address
and/or port number?
Can multiple clients use the server?
2: Application Layer
11
UDP observations &
questions
Both client server use DatagramSocket
Dest IP and port are explicitly attached to
segment.
What would happen if change both
clientSocket and serverSocket to
mySocket?
Can the client send a segment to server
without knowing the servers IP address
and/or port number?
Can multiple clients use the server?
2: Application Layer
12
Socket-programming using TCP
TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one
process to another
controlled by
application
developer
controlled by
operating
system
process
process
socket
TCP with
buffers,
variables
socket
TCP with
buffers,
variables
internet
controlled by
application
developer
controlled by
operating
system
host or
server
host or
server
2: Application Layer
13
Socket programming with TCP
Client must contact server
server process must first
be running
server must have created
socket (door) that
welcomes clients contact
Client contacts server by:
creating client-local TCP
socket
specifying IP address, port
number of server process
When client creates socket:
client TCP establishes
connection to server TCP
When contacted by client,
server TCP creates new
socket for server process
to communicate with client
allows server to talk
with multiple clients
source port numbers
used to distinguish
clients (more in Chap 3)
application viewpoint
TCP provides reliable, in-order
transfer of bytes (pipe)
between client and server
2: Application Layer
14
Client/server socket interaction: TCP
Server (running on hostid)
Client
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()
TCP
wait for incoming
connection request connection
connectionSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept()
setup
create socket,
connect to hostid, port=x
clientSocket =
Socket()
send request using
clientSocket
read request from
connectionSocket
write reply to
connectionSocket
read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket
close
clientSocket
2: Application Layer
15
Stream jargon
input
stream
Client
Process
process
output
stream
input
stream
client
TCP
clientSocket
socket
to network
2: Application Layer
inFromServer
A stream is a sequence of
characters that flow into or
out of a process.
An input stream is
attached to some input
source for the process,
e.g., keyboard or socket.
An output stream is
attached to an output
source, e.g., monitor or
socket.
outToServer
monitor
inFromUser
keyboard
TCP
socket
from network
16
Socket programming with TCP
Example client-server app:
1) client reads line from
standard input (inFromUser
stream) , sends to server via
socket (outToServer stream)
2) server reads line from socket
3) server converts line to
uppercase, sends back to
client
4) client reads, prints modified
line from socket
(inFromServer stream)
2: Application Layer
17
Example: Java client (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPClient {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;
Create
input stream
Create
client socket,
connect to server
Create
output stream
attached to socket
BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789);
DataOutputStream outToServer =
new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
2: Application Layer
18
Example: Java client (TCP), cont.
Create
input stream
attached to socket
BufferedReader inFromServer =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
Send line
to server
outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');
modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine();
Read line
from server
System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);
clientSocket.close();
}
}
2: Application Layer
19
Example: Java server (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPServer {
Create
welcoming socket
at port 6789
Wait, on welcoming
socket for contact
by client
Create input
stream, attached
to socket
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String clientSentence;
String capitalizedSentence;
ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);
while(true) {
Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();
BufferedReader inFromClient =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));
2: Application Layer
20
Example: Java server (TCP), cont
Create output
stream,
attached
to socket
Read in line
from socket
DataOutputStream outToClient =
new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());
clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();
capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';
Write out line
to socket
outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence);
}
}
End of while loop,
loop back and wait for
another client connection
2: Application Layer
21
TCP observations &
questions
Server has two types of sockets:
ServerSocket and Socket
When client knocks on serverSockets
door, server creates connectionSocket
and completes TCP conx.
Dest IP and port are not explicitly
attached to segment.
Can multiple clients use the server?
2: Application Layer
22
