Socket programming

Goal: learn how to build client/server application that communicate

using sockets

Socket API

socket

introduced in BSD4.1
UNIX, 1981
explicitly created, used,
released by apps
client/server paradigm
two types of transport
service via socket API:
UDP
TCP

2: Application Layer

A application-created,
OS-controlled interface
(a door) into which
application process can
both send and
receive messages
to/from another
application process

Socket programming basics

Server must be
Socket is locally
running before client
identified with a port
can send anything
number
to it.
Analogous to the apt
Server must have a
# in a building
socket (door)
Client needs to know
through which it
server IP address
receives and sends
and socket port
segments
number.
Similarly client
needs a socket
2: Application Layer

Socket programming with UDP

UDP: no connection
between client and server
no handshaking
sender explicitly attaches
IP address and port of
destination to each
segment
OS attaches IP address
and port of sending socket
to each segment
Server can extract IP
address, port of sender
from received segment

application viewpoint
UDP provides unreliable transfer
of groups of bytes (datagrams)
between client and server

Note: the official terminology

for a UDP packet is datagram.
In this class, we instead use UDP
segment.

2: Application Layer

Running example
Client:
User types line of text
Client program sends line to server

Server:
Server receives line of text
Capitalizes all the letters
Sends modified line to client

Client:
Receives line of text
Displays
2: Application Layer

Client/server socket interaction: UDP

Server (running on hostid)
create socket,
port= x.
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()

Client
create socket,
clientSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Create datagram with server IP and
port=x; send datagram via
clientSocket

read datagram from

serverSocket
write reply to
serverSocket
specifying
client address,
port number

read datagram from

clientSocket
close
clientSocket

2: Application Layer

Example: Java client (UDP)

input
stream

Client
Process

monitor

inFromUser

keyboard

Input: receives

process

packet (recall
thatTCP received
byte stream)

UDP
packet

receivePacket

packet (recall
that TCP sent
byte stream)

sendPacket

Output: sends
UDP
packet

client
UDP
clientSocket
socket
to network

UDP
socket

from network

2: Application Layer

Example: Java client (UDP)

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

Create
input stream
Create
client socket

Translate
hostname to IP
address using DNS

class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress IPAddress = InetAddress.getByName("hostname");
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
String sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
sendData = sentence.getBytes();
2: Application Layer

Example: Java client (UDP), cont.

Create datagram
with data-to-send,
length, IP addr,
port
Send datagram
to server

DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, 9876);
clientSocket.send(sendPacket);
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);

Read datagram
from server

clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);
String modifiedSentence =
new String(receivePacket.getData());
System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence);
clientSocket.close();
}
}
2: Application Layer

Example: Java server (UDP)

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

Create
datagram socket
at port 9876

class UDPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876);
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
while(true)
{

Create space for

received datagram
Receive
datagra
m

DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);
2: Application Layer

Example: Java server (UDP), cont

String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());

Get IP addr
port #, of
sender

InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();

int port = receivePacket.getPort();
String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase();
sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes();

Create datagram
to send to client

DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress,
port);

Write out
datagram
to socket

serverSocket.send(sendPacket);
}
}

End of while loop,

loop back and wait for
another datagram
2: Application Layer

10

UDP observations &

questions

Both client server use DatagramSocket

Dest IP and port are explicitly attached to
segment.
What would happen if change both
clientSocket and serverSocket to
mySocket?
Can the client send a segment to server
without knowing the servers IP address
and/or port number?
Can multiple clients use the server?

2: Application Layer

11

UDP observations &

questions

Both client server use DatagramSocket

Dest IP and port are explicitly attached to
segment.
What would happen if change both
clientSocket and serverSocket to
mySocket?
Can the client send a segment to server
without knowing the servers IP address
and/or port number?
Can multiple clients use the server?

2: Application Layer

12

Socket-programming using TCP

TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one
process to another

controlled by
application
developer
controlled by
operating
system

process

process

socket
TCP with
buffers,
variables

socket
TCP with
buffers,
variables

internet

controlled by
application
developer
controlled by
operating
system

host or
server

host or
server
2: Application Layer

13

Socket programming with TCP

Client must contact server
server process must first
be running
server must have created
socket (door) that
welcomes clients contact
Client contacts server by:
creating client-local TCP
socket
specifying IP address, port
number of server process
When client creates socket:
client TCP establishes
connection to server TCP

When contacted by client,

server TCP creates new
socket for server process
to communicate with client
allows server to talk
with multiple clients
source port numbers
used to distinguish
clients (more in Chap 3)

application viewpoint
TCP provides reliable, in-order
transfer of bytes (pipe)
between client and server

2: Application Layer

14

Client/server socket interaction: TCP

Server (running on hostid)

Client

create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()

TCP

wait for incoming

connection request connection
connectionSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept()

setup

create socket,
connect to hostid, port=x
clientSocket =
Socket()
send request using
clientSocket

read request from

connectionSocket
write reply to
connectionSocket

read reply from

clientSocket

close
connectionSocket

close
clientSocket
2: Application Layer

15

Stream jargon

input
stream

Client
Process
process

output
stream

input
stream

client
TCP
clientSocket
socket
to network

2: Application Layer

inFromServer

A stream is a sequence of
characters that flow into or
out of a process.
An input stream is
attached to some input
source for the process,
e.g., keyboard or socket.
An output stream is
attached to an output
source, e.g., monitor or
socket.

outToServer

monitor

inFromUser

keyboard

TCP
socket

from network

16

Socket programming with TCP

Example client-server app:
1) client reads line from
standard input (inFromUser
stream) , sends to server via
socket (outToServer stream)
2) server reads line from socket
3) server converts line to
uppercase, sends back to
client
4) client reads, prints modified
line from socket
(inFromServer stream)

2: Application Layer

17

Example: Java client (TCP)

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPClient {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;
Create
input stream
Create
client socket,
connect to server

Create
output stream
attached to socket

BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789);
DataOutputStream outToServer =
new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
2: Application Layer

18

Example: Java client (TCP), cont.

Create
input stream
attached to socket

BufferedReader inFromServer =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
sentence = inFromUser.readLine();

Send line
to server

outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');
modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine();

Read line
from server

System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close();
}
}
2: Application Layer

19

Example: Java server (TCP)

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPServer {

Create
welcoming socket
at port 6789
Wait, on welcoming
socket for contact
by client
Create input
stream, attached
to socket

public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception

{
String clientSentence;
String capitalizedSentence;
ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);
while(true) {
Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();
BufferedReader inFromClient =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));

2: Application Layer

20

Example: Java server (TCP), cont

Create output
stream,
attached
to socket
Read in line
from socket

DataOutputStream outToClient =
new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());
clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();
capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';

Write out line

to socket

outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence);
}
}

End of while loop,

loop back and wait for
another client connection

2: Application Layer

21

TCP observations &

questions
Server has two types of sockets:
ServerSocket and Socket

When client knocks on serverSockets

door, server creates connectionSocket
and completes TCP conx.
Dest IP and port are not explicitly
attached to segment.
Can multiple clients use the server?

2: Application Layer

22