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    Group 1 Tanker Loading and Unloading

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh Kumar
    The document provides guidance on preparing for and conducting cargo loading and unloading operations safely and efficiently. It outlines steps the chief officer should take to develop a detailed plan addressing stability, ballast operations, and more. Key elements that must be coordinated with the terminal are identified, such as cargo grades and quantities, tank use, and maximum flow rates. Safety precautions for hazardous cargoes like H2S are also described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Group 1 Tanker Loading and Unloading

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh Kumar
    2K views37 pages
    The document provides guidance on preparing for and conducting cargo loading and unloading operations safely and efficiently. It outlines steps the chief officer should take to develop a detailed plan addressing stability, ballast operations, and more. Key elements that must be coordinated with the terminal are identified, such as cargo grades and quantities, tank use, and maximum flow rates. Safety precautions for hazardous cargoes like H2S are also described.

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    Tanker Loading and Unloading

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    The document provides guidance on preparing for and conducting cargo loading and unloading operations safely and efficiently. It outlines steps the chief officer should take to develop a detailed plan addressing stability, ballast operations, and more. Key elements that must be coordinated with the terminal are identified, such as cargo grades and quantities, tank use, and maximum flow rates. Safety precautions for hazardous cargoes like H2S are also described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views37 pages

    Group 1 Tanker Loading and Unloading

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh Kumar
    The document provides guidance on preparing for and conducting cargo loading and unloading operations safely and efficiently. It outlines steps the chief officer should take to develop a detailed plan addressing stability, ballast operations, and more. Key elements that must be coordinated with the terminal are identified, such as cargo grades and quantities, tank use, and maximum flow rates. Safety precautions for hazardous cargoes like H2S are also described.

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    The document outlines the procedures for cargo transfer operations including preparing a detailed loading/unloading plan, monitoring the operation, and completing cargo operations.

    The steps involved in preparing for cargo transfer include preparing a detailed loading/unloading plan, identifying cargo grades and quantities, the loading sequence and path, tank capacities, and required equipment.

    The cargo loading/unloading plan must include cargo grades and quantities, specific gravities and temperatures, tank assignments, the pipeline system and valves, manifold details, loading sequences, ballast operations, required ullages, and contact information.

    Crude Oil Loading / Unloading

    PREPARATION FOR CARGO TRANSFER

    The Chief Officer shall prepare a detailed


    cargo loading / unloading plan prior
    arrival at a port with the ships stability
    and stress conditions, crude oil wash
    and ballast operations taken into account
    The loading / unloading plan shall be
    posted in the CCR and distributed to and
    signed by all personnel directly involved
    in the cargo operation

    PREPARATION FOR CARGO TRANSFER

    Name of each grade of crude oil to be


    loaded and the quantity
    Anticipated specific gravity and loading /
    unloading temperature of each grade of
    cargo
    Identify the tank each grade will be loaded
    into / unloaded from

    PREPARATION FOR CARGO TRANSFER


    The pipeline system and loading path for each grade,
    including setting of valves, identified by their unique
    identification numbers
    Agree manifold number and size of connections
    Sequence of loading of cargo grades and tanks
    Sequence of ballasting / de-ballasting
    Inert Gas operations

    PREPARATION FOR CARGO TRANSFER

    Final ullage for each cargo tank


    Stand-by time required by the terminal for
    reducing flow rate or stopping the cargo
    loading / unloadin
    Anticipated departure draft
    Bunkers and ballast to be on board at departure

    PREPARATION FOR CARGO TRANSFER

    Identification of all valves to be sealed


    closed before, during and / or after
    loading
    Maximum flow rates to be allowed and
    flow rates expected with the terminal

    PREPARATION FOR CARGO TRANSFER

    Flow rate to be used for topping off tanks


    Tank stripping procedures
    COW procedures
    Special precautions with respect to moorings
    Equipment required, radios, ullage tapes, etc.

    PREPARATION FOR CARGO TRANSFER

    Points in the loading when the chief officer is to


    be called or extra manning is required
    Reference to standing orders for cargo
    operations
    Deck Watch and Personnel Arrangement
    Requirement that shore terminal regulations be
    read and signed by each cargo watch officer

    Preparations for H2S cargo

    When the vessel is ordered to load sour


    crudes, the master must ensure that:
    Vapour control system, including
    automatic tapes and vent lines, is
    carefully inspected
    Self contained breathing apparatus is
    checked for condition and readiness

    Preparations for H2S cargo


    Pumproom lines, fittings and
    connections are checked for tightness
    and any necessary repairs are completed
    before loading
    Portable H2S detector is in good
    operating condition. If sampling tube
    testers are used, ensure that an adequate
    supply of test tubes are on board

    PREPARATION FOR PRODUCT TRANSFER

    Ship & shore safety check list


    Pre-transfer meeting
    Tank inspection
    Entry into encloses spaces

    PRE-TRANSFER AND TRANSFER GOLDEN RULES

    All personnel are trained and certified in oil transfer


    procedures
    Are constantly alert during the transfer operation
    Maintain communication with vessel and terminal
    Identify and correct problems early
    Are prepared to stop the transfer operation if an unsafe
    condition is detected

    THE SHIP/SHORE SAFETY CHECKLIST


    Covers the following basic
    items:

    Mooring

    Access

    Communications

    Loading, unloading, bunkering and ballasting

    Emergency procedures

    Pollution prevention

    SUMMARY OF SAFETY CHECK KEY STEPS


    Safety checks on boards the vessel
    Pre-transfer meeting
    Transfer operations
    Vessel departure

    ATTENDEES AT PRE-TRANSFER MEETING


    Shore personnel:

    Berth operator / Loading Master


    Cargo Surveyor
    Chief Officer

    INFORMATION EXCHANGED AT THE PRETRANSFER MEETING

    Safety and security of vessels

    Methods of communication

    Emergency procedures

    Hose and loading arm operation

    COW procedures

    Limitations-maximum draft, Environmental Mooring Limit etc.

    INFORMATION EXCHANGED AT THE PRETRANSFER MEETING continued

    Arrangements for slops/ballast/bunker fuel

    Cargo details

    Product characteristics

    Densities / temperatures

    Transfer plans and procedures

    Quantities and intended distribution on board

    Handling requirements and MSDS

    Other grades on board from other terminals

    SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR CARGO SURVEY

    Ensure that there are no ignition sources nearby

    Obtain data on tank condition from vessel staff

    Involve vessel staff in inspection

    Do not inhale any gas or vapour

    Stand crosswind and wear appropriate PPE

    Check material data sheets

    Be aware that certain tank coating may release vapours

    OPERATING PROCEDURES
    Main Categories
    Pre - checks
    Connection
    Cargo Transfer
    Disconnection

    OPERATING PROCEDURES
    Pre - checks

    Manifold connection criteria

    Loading arm / cargo hose empty

    Ships personnel aware of loading arm / cargo hose


    limitations

    PRECAUTIONS AGAINST STATIC ELECTRICITY


    When loading a static accumulator, take the following precautions
    to reduce static accumulation and avois sparking:

    Limit the initial inflow rate to 1 metre/second


    Limit the maximum flow rate in the line entering the tank to:
    6.3 m/s (20 ft/s) for tanks less than 38 m3
    11 m/s (35 ft/s) for tanks larger than 38 m3

    PRECAUTIONS AGAINST STATIC ELECTRICITY

    Avoid top or splash loading

    Allow at least 30 minutes relaxation time before introducing


    metal tapes, sample cans or dip rods into tanks - these
    must be grounded

    Never use synthetic fibre for sampling

    Avoid air blowing into tanks

    Exercise extreme caution when switching between tanks

    PRESSURE SURGES
    A pressure surge is a sudden increase in pressure in a pipe or
    hose which is caused by an abrupt change in liquid flow rate
    Caused by:- closing a valve too quickly
    - shutting off against a running pump
    - starting suddenly
    Consequences- Burst hose or damaged pipework

    PRESSURE SURGES continued

    Prevent by:
    Good valve maintenance and good communication between
    ship and shore personnel
    Ensuring that supplying pumps are always shut down when
    emergency system trip valves closed

    CARGO OPERATION - INITIAL

    Open valves in the receiving line fully

    Open one manifold valve

    Start vessel pumps at low speed while the following checks


    are performed:

    Ensure that product is flowing through opened line

    Check manifold sample to confirm correct product

    Check flow established to correct ship / shore tank

    Check for leaks on vessel and shore

    DURING CARGO OPERATION

    Ensure that allowable working pressure in the reiceiving system


    is not exceeded

    Check flow rates at ship and inshore tank

    As a safety precaution and to avoid cavitation in hard arm, check


    that velocity of product flow in pipeline is below specified limit:
    - less than 6 metres/second for tanks less than 38m3
    - less than 9-11 meters/second for tanks greater than 38 m 3

    DURING CARGO OPERATION

    Following items shall be recorded in Tanker Cargo Log Book


    hourly:

    Loading Quantity (Rate) to compare it with that of the terminal


    side

    Regular ship/shore comparisons of loaded cargo figures shall


    be carried out and changes in difference to be investigated /
    reported.

    Monitor of levels in tanks not being discharged

    DURING CARGO OPERATION

    Stress and Stability of the vessel


    Tank pressure
    If the Duty Deck Officer cannot account for the variation
    of rate then he must call the Chief Officer immediately.
    Manifold Pressure / Temperature,
    Draft & Trim

    COMPLETION OF CARGO OPERATIONS

    Notify Berth Operator that transfer is complete


    Berth Operator instructs vessel to shut down
    pumping system
    Ensure that shore and berth manifold valves are
    closed

    COMPLETION OF CARGO OPERATIONS

    Before disconnecting loading arm


    Check pumped product tanks are empty
    Check no other tanks contain product

    Inspect ballast tanks, coffer dams, etc.

    Before the cargo hoses are disconnected, the

    ships figures must be calculated in order to check


    that the correct quantity of cargo has been loaded

    COMPLETION OF CARGO OPERATIONS

    BERTH OPERATOR or INDEPENDENT CARGO SURVEYOR:

    Gauges each tank

    Calculates cargo loaded / unloaded

    Checks for water

    Takes temperature readings

    Checks empty ballast tanks, etc.

    DISCONNECTING LOADING ARM / CARGO HOSE FROM THE


    SHIP

    1. Drain the arm of remaining product


    2. Check that draining is complete by opening the drain
    valve on the bottom of the triple swivel joint unless the arm /
    hose has contained toxic or hazardous substances
    3. If the arm / hose has contained hazardous material refer to
    local procedures for checking drainage completeness
    4. Disconnect the arm / hose
    5. Install a blank on the manifold

    THINGS TO MONITOR
    Vessel position
    Environment
    Mooring Line Loads

    The following reference publications


    provide useful information
    SOLAS (latest consolidated version)
    MARPOL 73/78 (latest consolidated version)
    International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Manuals
    (ISGOTT)
    Procedure and Arrangements Manual (Approved by Class)
    Certificate of Class (tank strength for high density
    cargoes)
    Ships VEC System Operating Manual (Approved by
    Class)
    Guide to Port Entry
    Ship to Ship Transfer Guide

    The following reference publications


    provide useful information

    Safety in Oil Tankers


    IMDG Code
    Supplement to IMDG Code (Including MFAG and Ems)
    SOPEP / SMPEP
    Clean Seas Guide for Oil Tankers
    Tank Coating Manufacturers Compatibility Lists
    Prevention of Oil Spillage through Cargo Pumproom
    Sea Valves
    MSDS for particular cargo carried
    Tank Cleaning Guide
    API publications

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