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ABAP - Data Dictionary

This document provides an overview of key concepts in SAP's data dictionary including: - Data dictionary objects like data elements, domains, tables, structures, and views that define the structure and relationships of an SAP system's data. - How to create domains, data elements, and transparent tables in the data dictionary. - System tables that store system-related metadata and transactional tables that store business data. - Foreign keys that maintain data integrity and cardinality which defines relationships between tables.

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317 views30 pages

ABAP - Data Dictionary

This document provides an overview of key concepts in SAP's data dictionary including: - Data dictionary objects like data elements, domains, tables, structures, and views that define the structure and relationships of an SAP system's data. - How to create domains, data elements, and transparent tables in the data dictionary. - System tables that store system-related metadata and transactional tables that store business data. - Foreign keys that maintain data integrity and cardinality which defines relationships between tables.

Uploaded by

satishputran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Day 2

Data Dictionary

We will learn about

What is Data Dictionary


Data Dictionary Objects
System Fields
Creating custom table
Internal Tables
Foreign Keys & Cardinality
Structures
Views

What is Data Dictionary

is a system independent
interface to the database

is a virtual database ( data


about data)

provides data for data


manipulation and data
processing

Also called as DDIC and ABAP


Dictionary

Data Dictionary Objects


SE16

Data Element
Domain
Tables
Structures
Views

Elementary Data Types


Type

Explanation

Text (Character)

Numeric text

Date (DDMMYYYY)

Time (HHMMSS)

Hexadecimal

Integer

Packed Number

Floating point number

Domain

A Domain describes the technical structure of a field that is its size and
its data types.
Domains are attached to Data Elements
Fields which refer to the same domain (with the assigned data elements),
are also changed when the domain is changed. This ensures that the
fields are consistent
Defines a value range which describes the valid data values for all the
fields which refer to this domain
Table MARA
CLNT

MATNR

Data Element
Domain

Creating a Domain

Enter a description (short text)


Enter data type and length

Creating a domain (contd.)

Enter fixed value and description.

Value table may be entered

Data Element
A data element gives the description of the field of the
Table
Examples of predefined data elements in SAP
LIFNR
KUNNR
MATNR
CLNT

Creating a Data Element

Enter a description (short text)

Enter domain name

Creating a Data Element

Maintain field labels and column headers.

Difference between Domain & Data Element


Domain

Data Element

Defines Technical Attributes such as


data type, length, allowed values, etc.

Defines semantic attributes such as


display length, short text, long text, etc

A domain can be part of several data


elements

A Data Element can point to only one


domain

Used to define data elements, restrict Used to define fields of tables and
values (using value range, value table, screens
etc)

A Holistic view

Table A

Table B

Data element

Table C

Data element

Domain

Tables
Tables are containers which stores data in the form of
record
They are a central component of the SAP R/3 Application
One or more fields form a data record (also known as tupel)
A number of data records of the same type form a table
Examples of few SAP defined tables
MARA

: Material Master

Tables Contd
The table definition contains the following components
Table fields: defines the field names and data types of
the fields contained in the table.
Foreign Keys: defines the relationships between the
table and other tables.
Technical Settings: control how the table should be
created on the database.
Indexes: speed up the selection of data from the table.

Tables Contd
Types of Tables
Transparent
ABAP
Dictionary

Cluster
Pool

ABAP
Program

Internal

Tables Contd

Creating a Transparent Table Step 1 of 6

Enter
Enterthe
theName
Nameof
ofthe
the
table
(should
begin
table (should begin
with
withZ
Zor
orY)
Y)

Press
Pressthe
theCreate
CreateButton
Button

Creating a Transparent Table Step 2 of 6

Enter a description (short text)


After
Aftermaking
makingall
allentries,
entries,
Press
the
Fields
Press the FieldsTab
Tab

Maintain delivery class


Table maintenance attribute

Creating a Transparent Table Step 3 of 6


After
Aftermaking
makingall
allentries,
entries,
Press
the
Technical
Press the Technical
Settings
SettingsButton
Button

Maintain field attributes

Maintain data elements

Creating a Transparent Table Step 4 of 6


After
Aftermaking
makingall
allentries,
entries,
Press
the
Save
Button.
Press the Save Button.
Once
OnceTechnical
TechnicalSettings
Settings
are
save,
Press
the
are save, Press the
Back
BackButton
Button(F3)
(F3)

Creating a Transparent Table Step 5 of 6


Save,
Save,Check
Checkand
and
Activate
the
Table.
Activate the Table.After
After
that
Press
the
Indexes
that Press the Indexes
Button
Buttonon
onthe
the
Application
ApplicationToolbar
Toolbar

Creating a Transparent Table Step 6 of 6


Steps to create an index

After
Afterentering
enteringthe
theIndex
Index
Fields
Fieldsand
andother
other
parameters,
parameters,save
saveand
and
activate
the
index,
activate the index,Z01
Z01

SAP Transparent Tables


Example of few SAP Transparent Tables
MARA : General Material Data
VBAK : Sales Document: Header Data
KNA1 : General Data in Customer Master

Example of SAP Cluster Table


BSEG : Accounting Document Segment

Tables Contd
Foreign Keys
Uses
Maintain data integrity
Provide help texts
Create aggregate dictionary objects

Prerequisites
The foreign key text field and primary key of the check table must
share the same domain
A value table must exist for that domain

Tables Contd
Cardinality
Cardinality defines the type of

Cardinality Types

relationship between two tables


The cardinality of a foreign key
indicates how many dependent
records a record in a check
table may have

1:1
1:C
1:N
1 : CN

System fields
SAP has a system table named syst. It stores all the
system related data
Examples of few fields in this table are

Sy-datum : System Date


Sy-langu : System Language
Sy-subrc : System check
Sy-uzeit : System time

SAP Data

Master
Data

G/L Accounts
Vendors
Materials
Stock Locations

System
Data
Transaction
Data

Metadata
Programs
Documentation
System Settings

Sales Orders
Purchase Orders
Journal Entries
Goods Receipts

Configuration
Data

Currency Codes
Order Types
Payment Terms
Field Status Codes

Structures
A structure is defined like a table in the ABAP Dictionary
and can then be accessed from within ABAP programs
Contain data temporarily during program runtime
The same data elements and domains can be used in
structures as in tables

Views
A view combines the data distributed in several tables
Views allow to gather information from fields of different
tables and present it to the users in form they require
when working in the R/3 system

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