CHEMISTRY
PROJECT REPORT
COSMETICS
ANALYSIS
Aashna Arora
Adarsh Public School,
Roll Number : _________
Vikas Puri
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound
gratitude and deep regards to Ms. Shefali Jain,
my Chemistry teacher for her exemplary
guidance,
monitoring
and
constant
encouragement throughout the course of this
project. Her cordial support, valuable
information and guidance helped me in
completing this task through various stages.
I am obliged to my parents for the valuable
information provided by them and for their
cooperation during the period of my project.
Lastly, I thank almighty, my classmates and
friends for their constant encouragement
without which this project would not have been
possible.
Aashna Arora
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Aashna Arora, a student
of class XII has successfully completed the
research of project on the topic Cosmetics
Analysis under the guidance of Ms. Shefali Jain
(Subject Teacher). This project is absolutely
genuine and does not indulge in plagiarism of
any kind. The references taken in making this
project have been declared at the end of this
report.
Signature(Subject Teacher)
Signature(Examiner)
AIM
To analyze the given
talcs and shampoos for
the presence of acidic
and basic radicals
Table of Contents
S.No
Topic
Page no.
Acknowledgement
Certificate
Table Of Contents
Theory
6-7
Procedure
Observation
11-33
Result
34
Precautions
35
Bibliography
36
Theory
Talc
Composition- Talc is a mineral composed of mainly
magnesium, silicon, and oxygen as hydrated magnesium
silicate with the chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, also known
as talcum powder.
Uses - Used in many industries such as paper making, plastic,
paint and coatings, rubber, food, electric cable, cosmetics,
ceramics, etc.
Impurities- A small amount of impurity minerals like magnetite,
chromite, and sometimes hematite may be present.
Effects- Can cause breathing problems such as chest pain,
coughing, trouble breathing, rapid and shallow breathing and
even lung failure. Other symptoms include decreased urination,
eye irritation, jaundice, throat irritation, diarrhea and vomiting.
Substitutes- Baby powders, powdered lavender buds, rose
petals and chamomile flowers can be used in place of talcum
powder.
Shampoo
Composition- Made by combining a surfactant, most
often sodium lauryl sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most
often cocamidopropyl betaine in water to form a thick,
viscous liquid. Other essential ingredients include salt
(sodium chloride) to adjust the viscosity,
a preservative and fragrance.
Uses- Used for removal of oils, dirt, skin
particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other
contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair.
Impurities- 1,4-dioxane which is considered as a
probable human carcinogen and carcinogenic impurities
known as nitrosamines may be present.
Effects- May cause an oily or dry scalp, mild hair loss,
eye redness, irritation, mild skin itching, dry skin or
headache.
Substitutes- Baking soda, egg, lemon, Apple cider
vinegar, etc. can be used as well.
Requirements
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Test tubes
Test tube holder
Dropper
Spatula
Glass Rod
Bunsen burner
Requirements
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
Dilute and Concentrated Sulphuric Acid
Concentrated Nitric Acid
Dilute and Hydrochloric Acid
Dilute Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Sulfide flakes
Ammonium chloride, hydroxide, carbonate,
phosphate, molybdate, sulphate and oxalate
Potassium Iodide
Potassium dichromate
Blue litmus
Barium chloride
Acetic Acid
10
Procedure
Small amount of cosmetic product was
taken in a test tube
A small amount of suitable solvent was
added to it
The changes were observed
Depending upon the changes, some
specific tests were carried out
11
Observations
S.No. Experiment
I.
SHAMPOOS
A.
Anions
Observations
Inference
Small amount of
shampoo was
taken followed with
addition of
(i)
Dilute sulphuric
acid
No effervescence
carbonate, sulphide,
sulphite & nitrite ions
were absent.
(ii)
Conc. Sulphuric
acid
No fumes
Chloride, bromide,
nitrate, acetate ions
were absent.
(iii)
Dilute HCl & 1mL of White ppt insoluble Sulphate ion was
barium chloride
in conc. Nitric acid confirmed.
solution.
was seen.
(iv)
Conc. Nitric acid & Yellow ppt was
1mL of ammonium observed.
molybdate solution.
Phosphate ion was
confirmed.
12
S.No. Experiment
B.
Cations
1.
Pantene
For 0th group
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
dilute NaOH.
Observation
Inference
Fumes with
Ammonium ion
ammonical smell was absent.
were absent.
For 1st group
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
dil. HCl.
White ppt was
observed.
Lead ion may be
present.
Few drops of KI was
added in above formed
ppt.
Canary yellow
ppt was seen.
Lead ion was
confirmed.
For 2nd group
Yellow ppt was
seen.
Arsenic ion may
be present.
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
dil. HCl & sodium
sulphide flakes.
13
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
Light yellow
ppt was
observed.
Arsenic ion was
confirmed.
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution.
Gelatinous
white ppt was
observed.
Aluminum ion
may be present.
Above formed ppt was
dissolved in dilute HCl
with addition of
ammonium hydroxide
solution & blue litmus.
Blue lake was
formed.
Aluminum ion was
confirmed.
Solution formed by
dissolution of yellow ppt
in conc. Nitric Acid was
taken in a test tube with
addition of ammonium
molybdate solution.
*
For 3rd group
14
S.No. Experiment
*
Observation
Inference
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl.
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide &
ammonium carbonate
solution.
No ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.
White ppt was
not formed.
Magnesium ion
was absent.
For 4th group
For 6th group
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide &
ammonium phosphate
solution.
15
S.No.
Experiment
2.
Clinic Plus
Observation
Inference
Small amount of shampoo
was taken followed with
addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium sulphide
flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.
Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.
16
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
(vi)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
No ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was not
formed.
Magnesium ion
was absent.
17
S.No.
Experiment
3.
Dove
Observation
Inference
Small amount of shampoo
was taken followed with
addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium sulphide
flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.
Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.
18
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
(vi)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
No ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was not
formed.
Magnesium ion
was absent.
19
S.No.
Experiment
4.
Sunsilk
Observation
Inference
Small amount of shampoo
was taken followed with
addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium sulphide
flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.
Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.
20
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
(vi)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
No ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was not
formed.
Magnesium ion
was absent.
21
S.No.
Experiment
5.
Head and Shoulders
Observation
Inference
Small amount of shampoo
was taken followed with
addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium sulphide
flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.
Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.
22
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
(vi)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
No ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was not
formed.
Magnesium ion
was absent.
23
S.No. Experiment
II.
TALCS
A.
Anions
Observation
Inference
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)
Dilute sulphuric acid
No effervescence
Carbonate,
sulphide, sulphite
& nitrite ions were
absent.
(ii)
Conc. Sulphuric acid
No fumes
Chloride,
bromide, nitrate,
acetate ions were
absent.
(iii)
Dilute HCl & 1mL of
White ppt
barium chloride solution. insoluble in conc.
Nitric acid was
seen.
Sulphate ion was
confirmed.
24
S.No. Experiment
B.
Cations
1.
Ponds
Observation
Inference
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium
sulphide flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper & Arsenic
ions were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium
gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
25
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(vi)
White ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
White ppt formed was
dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-
potassium dichromate
solution.
Yellow ppt was
observed.
Barium was
confirmed.
Ammonium sulphate
solution
White ppt was
formed.
Strontium was
confirmed.
Ammonium oxalate
solution
White ppt was
observed.
Calcium was
confirmed.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was
formed.
Magnesium ion
was present.
26
S.No. Experiment
2.
Observation
Inference
Dermicool
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium
sulphide flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper & Arsenic
ions were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium
gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
27
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(vi)
White ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
White ppt formed was
dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-
potassium dichromate
solution.
Yellow ppt was
observed.
Barium was
confirmed.
Ammonium sulphate
solution
White ppt was
formed.
Strontium was
confirmed.
Ammonium oxalate
solution
White ppt was
observed.
Calcium was
confirmed.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was
formed.
Magnesium ion
was present.
28
S.No. Experiment
3.
Boro Plus
Conc. Nitric acid & 1mL
of ammonium
molybdate solution.
Observation
Inference
Yellow ppt was
observed.
Phosphate ion
was confirmed.
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium
sulphide flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper & Arsenic
ions were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium
gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
29
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(vi)
White ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
White ppt formed was
dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-
potassium dichromate
solution.
Yellow ppt was
observed.
Barium was
confirmed.
Ammonium sulphate
solution
White ppt was
formed.
Strontium was
confirmed.
Ammonium oxalate
solution
White ppt was
observed.
Calcium was
confirmed.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was
formed.
Magnesium ion
was present.
30
S.No. Experiment
4.
Observation
Inference
Axe
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium
sulphide flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper & Arsenic
ions were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium
gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
31
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(vi)
White ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
White ppt formed was
dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-
potassium dichromate
solution.
Yellow ppt was
observed.
Barium was
confirmed.
Ammonium sulphate
solution
White ppt was
formed.
Strontium was
confirmed.
Ammonium oxalate
solution
White ppt was
observed.
Calcium was
confirmed.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was
formed.
Magnesium ion
was present.
32
S.No. Experiment
5.
Observation
Inference
Navratna
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)
Dilute NaOH
Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.
Ammonium ion
was absent.
(ii)
Dilute HCl
White ppt was
absent.
Lead ion was
absent.
(iii)
dil. HCl & sodium
sulphide flakes
Black or yellow
ppt were absent.
Copper & Arsenic
ions were absent.
(iv)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution
Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium
gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.
(v)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl
No ppt or
colouration was
observed.
Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.
33
S.No. Experiment
Observation
Inference
(vi)
White ppt was
observed.
Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution
White ppt formed was
dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-
potassium dichromate
solution.
Yellow ppt was
observed.
Barium was
confirmed.
Ammonium sulphate
solution
White ppt was
formed.
Strontium was
confirmed.
Ammonium oxalate
solution
White ppt was
observed.
Calcium was
confirmed.
(vii)
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution
White ppt was
formed.
Magnesium ion
was present.
34
Result
The tested talcs were found to have
Ponds : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
Dermicool : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
Boro Plus : sulphate, phosphate, calcium, barium,
strontium, magnesium
Axe : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
Navratna : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
The tested shampoos were found to have
Pantene : sulphate, phosphate, lead, arsenic,
aluminum
Clinic plus : sulphate, phosphate
Dove : sulphate, phosphate
Sunsilk : sulphate, phosphate
Head and Shoulders: sulphate, phosphate
35
Precautions
Do not heat the tube strongly at one point
as it may break
Ammonium Chloride should be added
before the addition of Ammonium
Hydroxide due to common ion effect
Do not boil the salt with concentrated
Sulphuric Acid, on boiling the acid may
decompose to give Sulphur Dioxide gas
Addition of group reagents should be
followed in correct order
Analysis of the anion should be done first
Test tube holder and dropper should be
used while dealing with concentrated acids
Do not inhale the fumes directly.
36
Bibliography
Lab manual
Class XII Ncert
Class XII Pradeep
www.docstoc.com
en.wikipedia.org
www.google.com
Images.google.com
