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Organs of The Immune System

The document summarizes the major organs of the immune system. It describes the primary lymphoid organs of bone marrow and thymus, which produce and mature lymphocytes. It also outlines the secondary lymphoid organs of spleen, lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, and CALT, which trap antigens and allow for lymphocyte proliferation. Key secondary lymphoid organs discussed include lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, gut tissues like Peyer's patches and lamina propria, and skin-associated lymphoid tissues.

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281 views23 pages

Organs of The Immune System

The document summarizes the major organs of the immune system. It describes the primary lymphoid organs of bone marrow and thymus, which produce and mature lymphocytes. It also outlines the secondary lymphoid organs of spleen, lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, and CALT, which trap antigens and allow for lymphocyte proliferation. Key secondary lymphoid organs discussed include lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, gut tissues like Peyer's patches and lamina propria, and skin-associated lymphoid tissues.

Uploaded by

bandaros
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Organs Of Immune System

• By K. Prameela,
• Department of Biotechnology,
• GIT, GITAM University
Classification of lymphoid organs
• Primary Lymphoid Organs
– Bone Marrow – production and maturation of B- Cells
(In Birds Bursa fabricious B- Cell Maturation)
– Thymus (T – Cell Maturation Site)
Function: production and maturation of lymphocytes
• Secondary Lymphoid Organs
– Spleen,
– lymph nodes,
– MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue)
– GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue)
– CALT (Cutaneous Associated lymphoid tissue)
Funtion: Trap antigen, APC, Lymphocyte Proliferation
Thymus

• Bilobed Organ on Top of Heart


• Reaches Max. Size During Puberty
– 70g infants, 3 g in adults
• 95-99% Of T Cells Die in Thymus
– self reactivity or no reactivity to Ag
• Consists of Cortex and Medulla
• Rat Thymocytes Sensitive to Glucorticoids
Thymus
Functions

1. Accessory cells: Cortical and medullary epethelial


cells, stromal cells, interdigitating cells and
macrophages.
- Differentiation of T cell precursors & their
migration to secondary lymphoid organs.
2. Thymus has an interactive role with endocrine
system.
3. Thymic epithelial cells produce hormones
thymosin, thymopoietin,
Bone marrow
• Blood cells (yolk sac)

• Liver

• Spleen

• Bone marrow
Lymphatic System
• Plasma From Blood Seeps Into Tissue
• Interstitial Fluid Either Goes Back or Becomes Lymph
• Lymph Enters Lymphatic Vessels
• Thoracic Duct Is Largest Lymphatic Vessel Empties
Into Left Subclavian Vein
• Lymphatic Vessel Depends On Muscle Contractions
For Movement
• One Way Valves Ensure One Direction
• Lymph Nodes Act As Filters For Antigens
Lymphatic System
Lymph Node
Lymph Node
Lymph Node
Lymph Node
Lymph Node
• Multiple Afferent Lymphatics
• Cortex
– B-cells, Follicular DCs, MΦ , GCs, Primary Follicles
• Paracortex
– TH, MΦ , DCs
• Medulla
– Plasma Cells
• Post Capillary Venule
– Allow Lymphocyte Migration From Circuilation Into Lymph Node
• One Efferent Lymphatic
– Rich In Abs and Lymphocytes
Spleen

• Largest accumulation of lymphoid tissue


• Abundant phagocytic cells—defense against
antigens in blood
• Site of destruction of aged erythrocytes.
• Production site of activated lymphocytes
which are delivered to the blood.
• THUS, an important blood filter and
antibody-forming organ.
Spleen
Mucosal Associated Lymphoid
Tissue (MALT)
• Mucous Membranes Surface Area = 400m2
• Mucous Membr. Most Common Pathogen Entry
Site (GIT, Respiratory tract, Urino genital tract
etc.)
• Mucous Membrane is Protected by MALT
• Tonsils 3 types – (Lingual, palatine and
pharyngeal )
• If tonsils infected it gets tonsillitis
Tonsils
Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue
(GALT)
• Appendix in small intestine protect from
food borne pathogens. If pathogens are
excess leads to appendicitis
• Lamina Propia (below epithelium) –
protect from food borne pathogens
• M Cell Allows Ag Entry, Unique
Architecture
M- Cells in Mucus membrane
Lamina Propria
Peyer’s patch
Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue
(CALT)

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