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    Raster Scan System and Random Scan System

    Uploaded by

    Santosh Jhansi
    Raster scan systems use a video controller to control the display device. The video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It uses x and y coordinates to reference pixel positions on the screen. As it scans across each line from top to bottom, it retrieves the pixel intensities from the frame buffer and displays them. The video controller can perform operations like refreshing, transformations, and mixing frame buffer images with external video sources. Raster graphics systems often include a display processor that offloads graphics tasks from the CPU by performing scan conversion and other operations.

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    Raster Scan System and Random Scan System

    Uploaded by

    Santosh Jhansi
    2K views18 pages
    Raster scan systems use a video controller to control the display device. The video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It uses x and y coordinates to reference pixel positions on the screen. As it scans across each line from top to bottom, it retrieves the pixel intensities from the frame buffer and displays them. The video controller can perform operations like refreshing, transformations, and mixing frame buffer images with external video sources. Raster graphics systems often include a display processor that offloads graphics tasks from the CPU by performing scan conversion and other operations.

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    raster scan system and random scan system.ppt

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    Raster scan systems use a video controller to control the display device. The video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It uses x and y coordinates to reference pixel positions on the screen. As it scans across each line from top to bottom, it retrieves the pixel intensities from the frame buffer and displays them. The video controller can perform operations like refreshing, transformations, and mixing frame buffer images with external video sources. Raster graphics systems often include a display processor that offloads graphics tasks from the CPU by performing scan conversion and other operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views18 pages

    Raster Scan System and Random Scan System

    Uploaded by

    Santosh Jhansi
    Raster scan systems use a video controller to control the display device. The video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It uses x and y coordinates to reference pixel positions on the screen. As it scans across each line from top to bottom, it retrieves the pixel intensities from the frame buffer and displays them. The video controller can perform operations like refreshing, transformations, and mixing frame buffer images with external video sources. Raster graphics systems often include a display processor that offloads graphics tasks from the CPU by performing scan conversion and other operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Raster Scan Systems

    Raster Scan Systems

    In addition to the central processing unit


    (CPU), a special processor, called the video
    controller or display controller, is used
    to control the operation of the display device.
    CPU

    System
    Memory

    System Bus
    I/O Devices

    Video
    Controller

    Monitor

    Video Controller

    A fixed area of the system memory is reserved


    for the frame buffer, and the video controller
    is given direct access to the frame buffer
    memory.

    Video Controller

    Frame buffer location, and the


    corresponding screen positions, are
    referenced in Cartesian coordinates.
    y

    Video Controller

    Scan lines are then labeled from ymax at


    the top of the screen to 0 at the bottom.
    Along each scan line, screen pixel
    positions are labeled from 0 to xmax.
    y

    y max
    y max

    Line Scan
    Line Scan

    x max

    x max

    Video Controller

    Two registers are used to store the coordinates


    of the screen pixels.
    Raster Scan Generator

    x Register

    y Register

    The Basic refresh


    operation of the
    video controller.

    Memory Address

    Frame Buffer

    Pixel register

    Video Controller
    Some of operations can be performed by the Video
    Controller:

    Refreshing operation.

    Video controller can retrieve pixel intensities from


    different areas on different refresh cycles.
    Example:Two frame buffers are often provided so
    that one buffer used for refreshing other is filled with
    intensity values.two buffers can swithch roles
    used in real time animations.

    Transformation (Areas of the screen can be


    enlarged, reduces, or moved during the
    refresh cycles)
    some systems are designed to allow the
    video controller to mix the frame buffer
    image with input image from television
    camera or other input device.

    Raster Scan Display


    Processor

    Raster Scan Display Processor

    A raster system containing a separate display


    processor (graphics controller, display coprocessor)
    The purpose of the DP is to free the CPU from the
    graphics chores.

    Architecture of a raster graphics


    system with display processor
    Display Processor
    Memory

    CPU

    Frame
    buffer

    Display
    Processor

    System Bus
    I/O Devices

    Video
    Controller

    System
    Memory

    Monitor

    DP
    A major task of the display processor
    is Scan Conversion.
    Scan Conversion: is digitizing a
    picture definition given in an
    application program into a set of
    pixel intensity values for storage in
    the frame buffer.( scan conversion
    straight line segment, Character )

    Scan converting a straight


    line segment
    for example, means that we
    have to locate the pixel
    position closest to the line
    path and store the intensity
    for each position in the frame
    buffer.
    Characters can be defined

    Display Processor
    Generation various line styles
    (dashed, dotted, or solid)

    Displaying color areas

    Performing certain transformation


    and manipulation on display
    objects.

    In effort to reduce memory requirement in raster


    system,methods have been devised for organizing
    the frame buffer as linked list and decoding the
    intensity information.

    One way to do this is to store each scan line as a


    set of integer pairs

    One number of each pair indicates an intensity value


    and the second number specifies the number of
    adjacent pixels on the scan line that are to have same
    intensity.(run length encoding)

    Random Scan Systems

    Random Scan System

    An application program as input and stored in


    the system memory along with a graphic
    package.
    Graphic commands in the application program
    are translated by the graphics package into a
    display file stored in the system memory.
    This file is then accessed by the display
    processor unit (DPU)(graphic controller) to
    refresh the screen.

    Random-Scan Systems

    CPU

    System
    Memory

    System Bus
    I/O Devices

    Display
    Processor

    Monitor

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