Assembly Line Balancing
Assembly Line Balancing
Assembly Line Balancing
Cells
1. Identification of families of products
2. A high level of training, flexibility and
empowerment of employees
3. Being self-contained, with its own
equipment and resources
4. Test (poka-yoke) at each station in the
cell
Determine the
number of operators
required
Workers required =
Test
Operations
Focused Factory
A focused work cell in a separate facility
May be focused by product line, layout, quality,
new product introduction, flexibility, or other
requirements
Product-Oriented Layouts
Fabrication line
Builds components on a series of machines
Machine-paced
Require mechanical or engineering changes to
balance
Assembly line
Puts fabricated parts together at a series of
workstations
Paced by work tasks
Balanced by moving tasks
Both types of lines must be balanced so that the time to perform
the work at each station is the same
Product-Oriented Layouts
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Disadvantages
1. High volume is required
2. Work stoppage at any point ties up the whole
operation
3. Lack of flexibility in product or production rates
Figure 9.12
Disassembly Lines
Disassembly is being considered in new
product designs
Green issues and recycling standards
are important consideration
Automotive
disassembly is
the 16th largest
industry in
the US
Assembly-Line Balancing
Objective is to minimize the imbalance
between machines or personnel while
meeting required output
Starts with the precedence relationships
1. Determine cycle time
2. Calculate theoretical
minimum number of
workstations
3. Balance the line by
assigning specific
tasks to workstations
A
B
B
A
C, D
F
E
G, H
This means
that tasks B
and E cannot
be done until
task A has
been
completed
A
B
B
A
C, D
F
10
E
A
G, H
5
11
B
12
C
4
G
3
11
H
Figure 9.13
A
Production time
B
available per day
CycleBtime = Units required per
A
= 480 / 40 day
C, D = 12 minutes5 per unit
C
n
F
10
11
3
7
E
for taskFi
= Time
1B
A i
G
Minimum
G, H
4
3
Cycle time
number of =
workstations
12
= 66 / 12E
= 5.5 or 6 stations
11
H
Figure 9.13
Line-Balancing Heuristics
Wing Component
Example
Figure 9.13
Statio
n5
Figure 9.14