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    Autopsy Virchow's

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    Ai Koga
    This document provides an overview of Virchow's technique for performing an autopsy. It describes the steps of the procedure, including making a Y-shaped incision to expose the internal organs, systematically examining each organ for abnormalities, weighing and measuring the organs, checking for signs of pathology, replacing the organs and closing the body. Virchow developed the first systematic autopsy method that focuses on removing and examining each organ individually to demonstrate pathological changes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Autopsy Virchow's

    Uploaded by

    Ai Koga
    318 views31 pages
    This document provides an overview of Virchow's technique for performing an autopsy. It describes the steps of the procedure, including making a Y-shaped incision to expose the internal organs, systematically examining each organ for abnormalities, weighing and measuring the organs, checking for signs of pathology, replacing the organs and closing the body. Virchow developed the first systematic autopsy method that focuses on removing and examining each organ individually to demonstrate pathological changes.

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    R. virchow's technique of autopsy

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    This document provides an overview of Virchow's technique for performing an autopsy. It describes the steps of the procedure, including making a Y-shaped incision to expose the internal organs, systematically examining each organ for abnormalities, weighing and measuring the organs, checking for signs of pathology, replacing the organs and closing the body. Virchow developed the first systematic autopsy method that focuses on removing and examining each organ individually to demonstrate pathological changes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    318 views31 pages

    Autopsy Virchow's

    Uploaded by

    Ai Koga
    This document provides an overview of Virchow's technique for performing an autopsy. It describes the steps of the procedure, including making a Y-shaped incision to expose the internal organs, systematically examining each organ for abnormalities, weighing and measuring the organs, checking for signs of pathology, replacing the organs and closing the body. Virchow developed the first systematic autopsy method that focuses on removing and examining each organ individually to demonstrate pathological changes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    Autopsy:

    Virchows Technique
    Prepared by Group III

    WHAT IS AUTOPSY?
    An autopsy is performed to achieve one or more of the
    following objectives:
    To identify the body or record characteristics that may assist
    in identifying the deceased.
    To determine the cause of death or, in the newborn, whether
    live birth occurred.
    To determine the mode of dying and time of death, where
    necessary and possible.
    To demonstrate all external and internal abnormalities,
    malformations and diseases.

    To detect, describe and record any external and


    internal injuries.
    To obtain samples for any ancillary investigations.
    To obtain photographs or retain samples for
    evidential or teaching use.
    To provide a full written report and expert
    interpretation of the findings.
    To restore the body to the best possible cosmetic
    condition before the release

    What is autopsy?
    An examination of the organs of the
    dead body to determine the cause of
    death or to study the pathologic
    changes present.
    There are four principal autopsy
    techniques namely:
    Technique of R. Virchow
    Technique of C. Rokitansky
    Technique of A. Ghon
    Technique of M. Letulle

    What is Virchows
    technique of autopsy?

    HISTORY
    Rudolf Ludwig Carl
    Virchow
    Father of modern
    pathology
    First to develop the
    systematic method of
    autopsy.

    Virchows technique
    A technique of removing organs one at a time. This
    technique is good for demonstrating pathological
    change in individual organs, especially in high- risk
    autopsies

    ORDER OF EXAMINATION
    VIRCHOWS TECHNIQUE

    HEAD

    THORACIC (CERVICAL)

    ABDOMINAL ORGANS

    ATTENTION:
    Next slides are photographs of
    actual autopsy so be mentally,
    emotionally and physically
    prepared.

    INTERNAL EXAMINATION
    It consist of:
    1. Incising the body
    2. Inspecting the various organs
    3. Examining the cavities systematically
    4. Weighing and Measuring the organs
    5. Checking for any pathology
    6. Putting all the organs back in and padding
    7. Suturing the body

    Incising the body


    To expose the heart, lungs and abdominal
    organs the prosector(the person performing
    the autopsy) will use the MODIFIED Y
    SHAPED INCISION.

    Incising the body


    Other ways of incision
    1. I shaped Incision: It is a straight line incision extending
    from the chin to the symphysis pubis.
    2. Y Shaped Incision: This type of incision starts near the
    acromian process and progresses downwards towards
    the xiphoid process. The incision is then extended till the
    symphysis pubis. Also, a similar incision is made on the
    opposite side of the body.
    3. Intermastoid incision. this type of incision is made from
    behind each ear across the top of the head that allows
    examination of brain

    Inspecting the various organs

    HEAD
    The neck is extended by placing a wooden block under the
    shoulders.
    Fix head using a head rest.
    Intermastoidal incision is made i.e. from the mastoid
    process behind one ear to the vertex and again to the
    mastoid process of the other ear.
    Scalp flap is reflected forward to the superciliary ridge and
    backwards to the occipital protuberance. nd back to the
    center of the forehead. the base of the other mastoid
    process occipital protuberance base of the mastoid process
    With the help of a saw, V shaped cut is made so that the
    skull fits back correctly after autopsy.

    This V shaped cut


    passes through: the
    center of the forehead

    THORAX
    Chest muscles are dissected away.
    Chest is opened by cutting the costal
    cartilages with the help of a cartilage knife.
    In case of elderly subjects, the costal
    cartilage may be calcified, hence, a bone
    saw or a rib shear is used to cut it out.
    Thereafter, both the sternoclavicular joints
    are disarticulated and the chest is opened. 1.

    ABDOMEN
    5 cm above the symphysis pubis the rectus muscles are
    divided and a small cut is made.
    Middle and the index fingers are then inserted and spread
    in a V shape.
    Sharp braded knife is inserted between them and the
    peritoneum is cut up to the xiphoid process.
    Firstly, inspection is done and if any damage, free fluid,
    perforations etc. are seen then these are noted.
    Also, note should be made about the abnormalities,
    positions, abdominal organs, adhesions, pathology (if any),
    injuries etc.

    Examining the cavities


    systematically

    Brain
    Brain will deteriorate easily when there is no supply of blood in order
    prevent we must do fixation:
    1.
    2.

    The freezing
    The prefusion

    Spinal cord
    Thorax
    Heart
    Lungs
    Neck
    Abdomen
    Stomach
    Intestine
    Liver
    Spleen
    pancreas
    Kidney
    bladder
    Prostate and testes

    to

    Weighing and Measuring the organs

    Checking for any pathology


    Example: Acute mycordial infarction, old myocardial
    infarction, brain stroke, renal cell carcinoma.

    Acute Myocardial Infarction


    Dark area
    shows
    beginning
    of healing

    increased
    blood
    supply
    Lightcolored
    tissue
    indicates
    a
    myocardi
    al
    infarction

    Normal
    fatty
    tissue

    Heart Cross Section

    Old Myocardial Infarctions

    Scar
    tissue
    from an
    infarct at
    least two
    weeks
    old.

    Brain Stroke

    Hemorrhage

    Brain Cross Section (Vertical)

    Renal Cell Carcinoma


    Kidney
    Tumor

    Putting all the organs back in and padding


    Body cavities should be cleaned and made free from blood,
    fluids etc.
    Organs are placed back in and excess space is packed
    with cotton/cloth etc. (esp. in the pelvis and the neck
    regions.)

    Suturing the body


    Dissection flaps are closed and sutured with thin twine.
    Skull is filled with cotton and absorbent material and the
    skull cap is placed back in and the scalp is stitched.

    What a magnificent body, how I should


    like to see it on the dissecting table.
    Ivan Turgenev, Father and Sons
    Thank you

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