Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 272 views

    Kruskal Wallis

    Uploaded by

    drkamesh
    This document discusses the Kruskal-Wallis test, a non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA. The Kruskal-Wallis test can be used when the ANOVA assumptions of normality and equal variances are violated. It tests whether the medians of three or more groups are equal. An example is provided of using the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze data from a study on how expectations affect wine ratings, where participants were told the wine was of different quality levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Kruskal Wallis

    Uploaded by

    drkamesh
    272 views8 pages
    This document discusses the Kruskal-Wallis test, a non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA. The Kruskal-Wallis test can be used when the ANOVA assumptions of normality and equal variances are violated. It tests whether the medians of three or more groups are equal. An example is provided of using the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze data from a study on how expectations affect wine ratings, where participants were told the wine was of different quality levels.

    Original Description:

    Kruskal Wallis

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the Kruskal-Wallis test, a non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA. The Kruskal-Wallis test can be used when the ANOVA assumptions of normality and equal variances are violated. It tests whether the medians of three or more groups are equal. An example is provided of using the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze data from a study on how expectations affect wine ratings, where participants were told the wine was of different quality levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    272 views8 pages

    Kruskal Wallis

    Uploaded by

    drkamesh
    This document discusses the Kruskal-Wallis test, a non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA. The Kruskal-Wallis test can be used when the ANOVA assumptions of normality and equal variances are violated. It tests whether the medians of three or more groups are equal. An example is provided of using the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze data from a study on how expectations affect wine ratings, where participants were told the wine was of different quality levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Statistical Methods II

    Session 10
    Non Parametric Testing
    The Kruskal-Wallis Test

    Kruskal-Wallis Test
    Recall what we know about ANOVA:
    Used when we want to test if the means of 3 or more groups are different.
    Hypotheses are written as:
    H0: The k level means are the same
    H1: At least one of means is different

    Assumptions include:
    1.All the groups are normally distributed.
    2.All the populations sampled have approximately equal variance (you can check this by generating sideby-side boxplots).
    3.The samples of the groups are independent of each other and subjects within the groups were randomly
    selected.

    Kruskal-Wallis Test
    From these assumptions, what deviations should concern us
    the most?
    If the normality assumptions are not met AND we do not
    have a balanced design, ANOVA is not an appropriate tool.
    If these assumptions are violated, Plan B is the non
    parametric alternative The Kruskal-Wallis Test.

    Kruskal-Wallis Test
    Things to know about the K-W Test:
    It is a non-parametric alternative and therefore should never be Plan A.
    Like all non-parametric tests, the focus is on ranks, counting and the medians.
    The hypotheses statements are written as:
    H0: All k populations have the same median.
    H1: Not all of the k population medians are the same.

    As the ANOVA is a conceptual extension of the two sample ttest, so the K-W test
    is a conceptual extension of the Wilcoxon Rank Sum (Mann Whitney) test.

    Kruskal-Wallis Test
    Steps for the K-W Test:
    1.Rank the entire dataset from highest to lowest. Handle ties by assigning the
    average of the tied ranks to all involved in the tie.
    2.Compute Ti as the sum of the ranks for group i, for each of the k groups.
    3.The test statistic is: H={12/N(N+1)}ni {Ri ((1+N)/2)2}
    Where,
    N = the total number of obs in the sample
    ni = the number of obs in group i
    Ri = the average of the ranks in group i

    Kruskal-Wallis Test
    Consider the following example
    To assess the effects of expectation on the aesthetic quality, an investigator
    randomly sorts 24 amateur wine aficionados into three groups A, B and C of 8
    subjects each. Each subject is scheduled for an individual interview to taste and
    rate wines. The only difference among the three groups is the expectations set
    regarding the quality of the wine (its the same wine being tested across the
    groups). Group A is told that the wine is of VERY fine quality, Group B is told that
    the wine is medium quality and Group C is told that the wine is of low quality.
    The wine will be ranked from 1 (low) to 10 (high).

    Kruskal-Wallis Test
    Unfortunately, on the day of the interviews, some people
    dont show up. By the end of the day, the researcher has
    the following data:
    GROUP
    A (n=8)

    GROUP
    B (n=7)

    GROUP
    C (n=6)

    6.4

    2.5

    1.3

    6.8

    3.7

    4.1

    7.2

    4.9

    4.9

    8.3

    5.4

    5.2

    8.4

    5.9

    5.5

    9.1

    8.1

    8.2

    9.4

    8.2

    9.7

    Kruskal-Wallis Test
    Lets execute this test using SAS

    You might also like