DRILLING
MACHINE
DRILLING
Drilling
is the operation of producing circular hole in
the work-piece by using a rotating cutter called DRILL
The
machine used for drilling is called drilling
machine.
The
drilling operation can also be accomplished in
lathe, in which the drill is held in tailstock and the
work is held by the chuck.
The
most common drill used is the twist drill.
DRILLING MACHINE
It is the simplest and accurate machine used in
production shop.
The work piece is held stationary ie. Clamped in
position and the drill rotates to make a hole.
Types :-
a) Based on construction:
Portable, Sensitive,Radial, up-right, Gang,
Multi-spindle
b)Based on Feed:
Hand and Power driven
SENSITIVE DRILLING MACHINE
Drill holes from
1.5 to 15mm
Operator senses
the cutting
action so
sensitive
drilling machine
UP-RIGHT DRILLING MACHINE
Drill holes
upto 50mm
Table can
move
vertically and
radially
RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE
It the largest
and most
versatile used
fro drilling
medium to
large and heavy
work pieces.
DRILL MATERIALS
The two most common types are
1. HSS drill
- Low cost
2. Carbide- tipped drills
- high production and in CNC machines
Other types are
Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbide coated masonry
drills, parabolic drills, split point drill
Drilling And Drills
Types of drills
Twist drill: most
common drill
Step drill:
produces holes
of two or more
different
diameters
Core drill: used
to make an
existing hole
bigger
DRILL FIXED TO THE SPINDLE
Drilling operations
Drilling
Centre Hole
Drilling
Deep Holes
Drilling
Thin
Material
Drilling
Pilot Hole
TOOL NOMENCLATURE
TOOL HOLDING DEVICES
The different methods used for holding drill in a
drill spindle are
By directly fitting in the spindle
hole.
By using drill sleeve
By using drill socket
By using drill chuck
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
DRILLING OPERATIONS
Operations that can be performed in a drilling
machine are
Drilling
Reaming
Boring
Counter boring
Countersinking
Tapping
OPERATIONS IN DRILLING MACHINE
OPERATIONS IN DRILLING MACHINE
TYPES OF CUTTERS
Reamers :Multi tooth cutting tool
Accurate way of sizing and finishing the pre-existing hole.
Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved
Boring Tool:Single point cutting tool.
Boring tool is held in the boring bar which has the shank.
Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved.
TYPES OF CUTTERS
Countersinks :Special angled cone shaped enlargement at the end of the
hole
Cutting edges at the end of conical surface.
Cone angles of 60, 82, 90, 100, 110, 120
Counter Bore Tool:Special cutters uses a pilot to guide the cutting action .
Accommodates the heads of bolts.
COUNTER BORE AND SPOT FACING
TYPES OF CUTTERS
Combined Countersinks and central drill :Special drilling tool to start the hole accurately.
At the end it makes countersinks in the work piece.
Gun drill :Machining of lengthy holes with less feed rates.
To overcome the heating and short life of the normal drill tool
TYPES OF CUTTERS
Tapping:For cutting internal
thread
Multi cutting edge tool.
Tapping is performed
either by hand or by
machine.
Minor dia of the thread is
drilled and then tapping
is done.
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
1.
Machine Table
Vice
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
Step Blocks
Clamps
V-Blocks
Angles
Jigs
T- Slots Bolt
DEFINITIONS
Cutting Speed (v):-
Its the peripheral speed of the drill
v = *D*N where
D = dia of the drill in m
N = Speed of rotation in rpm
Feed Rate (f):-
Its the movement of drill along the axis (rpm)
Depth of Cut (d):-
The distance from the machined surface to the drill axis
d=D/2
Material Removal Rate:-
Its the volume of material removed by the drill per unit time
MRR = ( D2 / 4) * f * N mm3 / min
Machining Time (T) :-
It depends upon the length (l) of the hole to be drilled , to the
Speed (N) and feed (f) of the drill
t = L / f N min
PRECAUTIONS FOR DRILLING MACHINE
Lubrication is important to remove heat and
friction.
Machines should be cleaned after use
Chips should be removed using brush.
T-slots, grooves, spindles sleeves, belts, pulley
should be cleaned.
Machines should be lightly oiled to prevent from
rusting
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Do not support the work piece by hand use work holding
device.
Use brush to clean the chip
No adjustments while the machine is operating
Ensure for the cutting tools running straight before starting
the operation.
Never place tools on the drilling table
Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes.
Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work piece.
